Abstract
The physiological response to application of elemental sulphur (S) and cadmium (Cd) of maize (Zea mays L.) grown for 60 days in pot soil was studied. The S was added into the soil with 2 rates (0 and 50 mmol/kg) and Cd was added in solution in 4 rates (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/kg). All the S and Cd were added before planting. Shoot biomass decreased with the application of Cd to the soil whether S was applied or not. The application of S and Cd to soil led to an increasing accumulation of Cd in the shoots of maize. The concentration of chlorophyll was reduced significantly in Cd-treated plants with or without supplementary S. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly in treatments with S and Cd, compared to the control. The activity of peroxidases (POD) was increased but catalase (CAT) was decreased in plants treated with Cd, again with or without S, in comparison with control. POD and CAT activities decreased in all the Cd treated plants with S, as compared to the plants without S. The results suggest that Cd reduces the crop growth, concentration of chlorophyll and activity of CAT, but increases the content of MDA and activity of POD. S supplies decrease the content of MDA, activities of POD and CAT, as compared to zero S supplies at the same rate of Cd application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased maize shoot biomass whether or not sulphur was applied.
- Treatment
- application of Cd to the soile0
- Outcome
- Shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- whether S was applied or note0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot biomass decreased with the application of Cd to the soil whether S was applied or not.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur and cadmium application increased cadmium accumulation in maize shoots.
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- application of S and Cd to soile0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in the shootse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of S and Cd to soil led to an increasing accumulation of Cd in the shoots of maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced chlorophyll concentration with or without supplementary sulphur.
- Treatment
- Cd-treatede0
- Outcome
- concentration of chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- with or without supplementary Se0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of chlorophyll was reduced significantly in Cd-treated plants with or without supplementary S.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur and cadmium treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde content compared with control.
- Treatment
- treatments with S and Cde0
- Outcome
- content of malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased significantly in treatments with S and Cd, compared to the control.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased peroxidase activity relative to control, with or without sulphur.
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidases (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with or without Se0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of peroxidases (POD) was increased but catalase (CAT) was decreased in plants treated with Cd, again with or without S, in comparison with control.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased catalase activity relative to control, with or without sulphur.
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- with or without Se0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of peroxidases (POD) was increased but catalase (CAT) was decreased in plants treated with Cd, again with or without S, in comparison with control.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur decreased POD activity in cadmium treated maize relative to no sulphur.
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Cd treated plantse0
- Comparator
- plants without Se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD and CAT activities decreased in all the Cd treated plants with S, as compared to the plants without S.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur decreased CAT activity in cadmium treated maize relative to no sulphur.
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- Cd treated plantse0
- Comparator
- plants without Se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD and CAT activities decreased in all the Cd treated plants with S, as compared to the plants without S.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur decreased MDA content at the same cadmium rate relative to zero sulphur.
- Treatment
- S suppliese0
- Outcome
- content of MDAe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- at the same rate of Cd applicatione0
- Comparator
- zero S suppliese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S supplies decrease the content of MDA, activities of POD and CAT, as compared to zero S supplies at the same rate of Cd application.”
t0“Physiological responses of maize to elemental sulphur and cadmium stress”
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