Abstract
The effect of lanthanum on the metabolism of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in the leaves of maize seedlings under cadmium stress was investigated. The findings showed that Cd remarkably increased electrolyte leakage (EL), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and the content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA, total GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cd, compared with control. However, Cd significantly decreased the dry biomass of roots and shoots. Treatment with La + Cd evidently increased the activities of above enzymes except MDHAR, the content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA and total GSH, and the dry biomass of roots and shoots, compared with Cd stress alone. Meanwhile, treatment with La + Cd remarkably decreased EL and the content of Cd and MDA compared with Cd stress alone. Our results suggested that La could be used as a regulator to improve the Cd tolerance of maize for its role in the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative damage by regulating the metabolism of AsA and GSH.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased electrolyte leakage in maize seedlings relative to control.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Cd remarkably increased electrolyte leakage (EL)”
e1“compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased activities of six listed ascorbate and glutathione metabolism enzymes relative to control.
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- activities of ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Cd remarkably increased electrolyte leakage (EL), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), glutathione reductase, L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase”
e1“compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased reduced and total ascorbate and glutathione contents relative to control.
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA, total GSHe1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Cd remarkably increased”
e1“the content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA, total GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cd, compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased malondialdehyde and cadmium content relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Cd remarkably increased”
e1“malondialdehyde (MDA), and Cd, compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly decreased root and shoot dry biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Cd significantly decreased the dry biomass of roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum plus cadmium increased activities of the listed enzymes except MDHAR relative to cadmium alone.
- Treatment
- La + Cde0
- Outcome
- activities of above enzymes except MDHARe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cd stress alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Treatment with La + Cd evidently increased the activities of above enzymes except MDHAR”
e1“the dry biomass of roots and shoots, compared with Cd stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum plus cadmium increased reduced and total ascorbate and glutathione relative to cadmium alone.
- Treatment
- La + Cde0
- Outcome
- content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA and total GSHe1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cd stress alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Treatment with La + Cd evidently increased”
e1“the content of reduced AsA, reduced GSH, total AsA and total GSH, and the dry biomass of roots and shoots, compared with Cd stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum plus cadmium increased root and shoot dry biomass relative to cadmium alone.
- Treatment
- La + Cde0
- Outcome
- dry biomass of roots and shootse1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cd stress alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“Treatment with La + Cd evidently increased”
e1“the dry biomass of roots and shoots, compared with Cd stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum plus cadmium decreased electrolyte leakage and cadmium and malondialdehyde contents relative to cadmium alone.
- Treatment
- La + Cde0
- Outcome
- EL and the content of Cd and MDAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- Cd stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays seedlings”
e0“treatment with La + Cd remarkably decreased EL and the content of Cd and MDA compared with Cd stress alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest lanthanum as a regulator to improve cadmium tolerance of maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La could be used as a regulator to improve the Cd tolerance of maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.