Abstract
Abstract The composition of newly synthesized cell walls starting from enzymatically isolated Zea mays mesophyll protoplasts was studied. The contents of pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose in addition to the wall-associated proteins were followed in the presence of increasing concentrations of calcium ions with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum, lithium ions, verapamil, nifedipine and the calmodulin antagonist trifluperazine. Pectin accumulation was inhibited by all antagonists except lanthanum. Cellulose formation, however, was increased by organic antagonists trifluperazine, verapamil and maximally by nifedipine while it was not affected by the inorganic ions lanthanum or lithium. Hemicellulose accumu lated with nifedipine present but significantly decreased by all other antagonists. Added Ca 2+ (5 -10 mᴍ) reversed most of the blockers-induced inhibition on pectin and hemicellulose. In the case of cellulose, however, calcium concentration which reversed the inhibitory action of these antagonists was dependent on the antagonist. Starch exhibited little alterations indicat ing its minor role in deposition of wall components. Cell wall-associated proteins were negatively affected by lanthanum and verapamil and positively by lithium and nifedipine. Generally, this fraction was found in a negative correlation with pectin levels. Chlorophyll contents were lowered after growth for 48 h; this might be due to repeated cell division. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of antagonists and effects of calcium.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pectin accumulation was inhibited by all antagonists except lanthanum.
- Treatment
- calcium channel blockerse1
- Outcome
- Pectine0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- without the calcium channel blockerse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e0“Pectin accumulation was inhibited by all antagonists except lanthanum”
e1“with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose formation was increased by the organic antagonists trifluperazine and verapamil, most strongly by nifedipine.
- Treatment
- organic antagonists trifluperazine, verapamile2
- Outcome
- Cellulose formatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- maximally by nifedipinee2
- Comparator
- without the calcium channel blockerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e2“Cellulose formation, however, was increased by organic antagonists trifluperazine, verapamil and maximally by nifedipine while it was not affected by the inorganic ions lanthanum or lithium”
e1“with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose formation was not affected by the inorganic ions lanthanum or lithium.
- Treatment
- inorganic ions lanthanum or lithiume2
- Outcome
- Cellulose formatione2
- Direction
- not affectede2
- Comparator
- without the calcium channel blockerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e2“Cellulose formation, however, was increased by organic antagonists trifluperazine, verapamil and maximally by nifedipine while it was not affected by the inorganic ions lanthanum or lithium”
e1“with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Added calcium reversed most of the blocker-induced inhibition of pectin and hemicellulose.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e4“Added Ca 2+ (5 -10 mᴍ) reversed most of the blockers-induced inhibition on pectin and hemicellulose”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch showed little alterations under the treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e5“Starch exhibited little alterations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall-associated proteins were negatively affected by lanthanum and verapamil.
- Treatment
- lanthanum and verapamile6
- Outcome
- Cell wall-associated proteinse6
- Direction
- negatively affectede6
- Comparator
- without the calcium channel blockerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“Cell wall-associated proteins were negatively affected by lanthanum and verapamil and positively by lithium and nifedipine”
e1“with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall-associated proteins were positively affected by lithium and nifedipine.
- Treatment
- lithium and nifedipinee6
- Outcome
- Cell wall-associated proteinse6
- Direction
- positivelye6
- Comparator
- without the calcium channel blockerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“Cell wall-associated proteins were negatively affected by lanthanum and verapamil and positively by lithium and nifedipine”
e1“with or without the calcium channel blockers like lanthanum”
Claim · model-written summary
The wall-associated protein fraction was negatively correlated with pectin levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e7“Generally, this fraction was found in a negative correlation with pectin levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll contents were lowered after 48 h of growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“Chlorophyll contents were lowered after growth for 48 h”
Claim · model-written summary
The chlorophyll decrease might be due to repeated cell division.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“Chlorophyll contents were lowered after growth for 48 h”
e7“this might be due to repeated cell division”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium concentration that reversed the inhibition of cellulose depended on the antagonist used.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zea mays Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e0“In the case of cellulose, however, calcium concentration which reversed the inhibitory action of these antagonists was dependent on the antagonist”
The same questions in other papers
lanthanum atom · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.