Abstract
In order to determine how salinity and exposure time affect seed viability and germination, seeds of five halophytes, Atriplex prostrata, Hordeum jubatum, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia marina, and Suaeda calceoliformis were exposed to 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0% NaCl solutions for 30, 60, 90, 365, and 730 d. Recovery experiments in distilled water indicated significantly different species responses to salinity over time. Percentage germination and rate of germination in H. jubatum were dramatically reduced following extended exposure and all seeds exposed to 10% NaCl for > 1 yr failed to germinate. Spergularia marina seeds were stimulated following short‐term exposure to 3% NaCl; however, germination was delayed and overall germination was significantly reduced with exposure time in the two higher salinity levels. Percentage germination in A. prostrata decreased over time, but salinity level was not related to this reduction. Germination of S. europaea and S. calceoliformis, the most salt‐tolerant species being tested, was stimulated by exposure to high salinity. Both species had a significant increase in percentage germination and in the germination rate when compared to seeds germinated in distilled water. Baseline germination data from seeds placed in 0, 1, 2, and 3% NaCl solutions indicated that S. europaea and S. calceoliformis were the only species to germinate in the 3% NaCl solution. Spergularia marina failed to germinate in the 2% NaCl treatment, and germination of A. prostrata and H. jubatum was significantly reduced at this salinity level. It is concluded that prolonged exposure to saline solutions can inhibit or stimulate germination in certain species, and the resulting germination and recovery responses are related to the duration and intensity of their exposure to salt in their natural habitats.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Extended salt exposure reduced H. jubatum germination percentage and rate.
- Taxon
- H. jubatum
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum jubatume0 - Treatment
- extended exposuree0
- Outcome
- Percentage germination and rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- dramatically reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Percentage germination and rate of germination in H. jubatum were dramatically reduced following extended exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
H. jubatum seeds exposed to 10% NaCl for over one year failed to germinate.
- Taxon
- H. jubatumHordeum jubatume1
- Treatment
- 10% NaCl for > 1 yre0
- Outcome
- failed to germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all seeds exposed to 10% NaCl for > 1 yr failed to germinate”
e1“H. jubatum were dramatically reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Short exposure to 3% NaCl stimulated Spergularia marina germination.
- Taxon
- Spergularia marina
_-_geograph.org.uk_-_215994.jpg?width=60)
Spergularia marinae0 - Treatment
- short‐term exposure to 3% NaCle0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_geograph.org.uk_-_215994.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Spergularia marina seeds were stimulated following short‐term exposure to 3% NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher salinity, Spergularia marina germination was delayed and declined with exposure time.
- Taxon
- Spergularia marinaSpergularia marinae1
- Outcome
- overall germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- two higher salinity levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination was delayed and overall germination was significantly reduced with exposure time in the two higher salinity levels”
e1“Spergularia marina seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A. prostrata germination declined over time independently of salinity level.
- Taxon
- A. prostrata
Atriplex prostratae0 - Treatment
- salinity levele0
- Outcome
- Percentage germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- over timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage germination in A. prostrata decreased over time, but salinity level was not related to this reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity stimulated S. europaea germination percentage and rate relative to distilled water.
- Taxon
- S. europaea
_01.jpg?width=60)
Salicornia europaeae0 - Treatment
- exposure to high salinitye0
- Outcome
- percentage germination and in the germination ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- seeds germinated in distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_01.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Germination of S. europaea and S. calceoliformis, the most salt‐tolerant species being tested, was stimulated by exposure to high salinity. Both species had a significant increase in percentage germination and in the germination rate when compared to seeds germinated in distilled water.”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity stimulated S. calceoliformis germination percentage and rate relative to distilled water.
- Taxon
- S. calceoliformis
.jpg?width=60)
Suaeda calceoliformise0 - Treatment
- exposure to high salinitye0
- Outcome
- percentage germination and in the germination ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- seeds germinated in distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Germination of S. europaea and S. calceoliformis, the most salt‐tolerant species being tested, was stimulated by exposure to high salinity. Both species had a significant increase in percentage germination and in the germination rate when compared to seeds germinated in distilled water.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. europaea germinated in 3% NaCl.
- Taxon
- S. europaeaSalicornia europaeae0
- Treatment
- 3% NaCl solutione0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. europaea and S. calceoliformis were the only species to germinate in the 3% NaCl solution”
Claim · model-written summary
S. calceoliformis germinated in 3% NaCl.
- Taxon
- S. calceoliformisSuaeda calceoliformise0
- Treatment
- 3% NaCl solutione0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. europaea and S. calceoliformis were the only species to germinate in the 3% NaCl solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Spergularia marina failed to germinate in 2% NaCl.
- Taxon
- Spergularia marinaSpergularia marinae0
- Treatment
- 2% NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- failed to germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spergularia marina failed to germinate in the 2% NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2% NaCl, A. prostrata germination was significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- A. prostrataAtriplex prostratae0
- Treatment
- 2% NaCl treatmente1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination of A. prostrata and H. jubatum was significantly reduced at this salinity level”
e1“2% NaCl treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2% NaCl, H. jubatum germination was significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- H. jubatumHordeum jubatume0
- Treatment
- 2% NaCl treatmente1
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination of A. prostrata and H. jubatum was significantly reduced at this salinity level”
e1“2% NaCl treatment”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Atriplex prostrata (triangle orache)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →sodium chloride · yield · Spergularia marina (salt sandspurry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sodium chloride · growth · Hordeum jubatum (foxtail barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · growth · Salicornia europaea (common glasswort)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →salinity · growth · Suaeda calceoliformisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.