Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2006 to investigate the impacts of modified rice cultivation systems on: grain yield, N uptake, ammonia volatilization from rice soil and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; and PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared rice production using modified methods of irrigation, planting, weeding and nutrient management (the system of rice intensification, SRI) with traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160, 240 kg ha-1) and of N rates interacting with cultivation methods were also evaluated. Grain yields ranged from 5.6 to 6.9 t ha-1 with SRI, and from 4.0 to 6.1 t ha-1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 24% higher than that with TF. Ammonia volatilization was increased significantly under SRI compared with TF and the average total amount of ammonia volatilization loss during the rice growth stage under SRI was 22% higher than TF. With increases in application rate, N uptake by rice increased, and the ratio of N in the seed to total N in the plant decreased. Furthermore, results showed that higher ANUE was achieved at a relatively low N fertilizer rate (80 kg ha-1 N) with SRI. Results of these studies suggest that SRI increased rice yield and N uptake and improved ammonia volatilization loss from rice soil compared with TF. Moreover, there were significant interactions between N application rates and cultivation methods. We conclude that it was the most important to adjust the amount of N application under SRI, such as reducing the amount of N application. Research on effects of N fertilizer on rice yield and environmental pollution under SRI may be worth further studying.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields under SRI were 24% higher than under traditional flooding.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- SRIe2
- Outcome
- grain yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 24%e2
- Comparator
- TFe2
- Setting
- Field experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“Field experiments were conducted in 2006”
e2“On average, grain yields under SRI were 24% higher than that with TF”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields under SRI ranged from 5.6 to 6.9 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Value
- 5.6 to 6.9 t ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“Grain yields ranged from 5.6 to 6.9 t ha-1 with SRI, and from 4.0 to 6.1 t ha-1 under TF management”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields under traditional flooding ranged from 4.0 to 6.1 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TF managemente1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Value
- 4.0 to 6.1 t ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“Grain yields ranged from 5.6 to 6.9 t ha-1 with SRI, and from 4.0 to 6.1 t ha-1 under TF management”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia volatilization was increased under SRI compared with TF, on average 22% higher in total.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRIe1
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 22%e2
- Comparator
- TFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“Ammonia volatilization was increased significantly under SRI compared with TF”
e2“the average total amount of ammonia volatilization loss during the rice growth stage under SRI was 22% higher than TF”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N application rate increased N uptake by rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application ratee1
- Outcome
- N uptake by ricee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“With increases in application rate, N uptake by rice increased, and the ratio of N in the seed to total N in the plant decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N application rate decreased the ratio of N in seed to total plant N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application ratee1
- Outcome
- ratio of N in the seed to total N in the plante1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“With increases in application rate, N uptake by rice increased, and the ratio of N in the seed to total N in the plant decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ANUE was achieved at a relatively low N rate of 80 kg/ha under SRI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- relatively low N fertilizer rate (80 kg ha-1 N) with SRIe1
- Outcome
- ANUEe1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“higher ANUE was achieved at a relatively low N fertilizer rate (80 kg ha-1 N) with SRI”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant interactions existed between N application rates and cultivation methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- interactions between N application rates and cultivation methodse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“there were significant interactions between N application rates and cultivation methods”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reducing the N application amount under SRI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- amount of N application under SRIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice yield”
e1“it was the most important to adjust the amount of N application under SRI, such as reducing the amount of N application”
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