Abstract
Field experiments were carried out to study the response of barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Tokak-157/137, Erginel-90, Obruk-86, Bülbül-89, Cumhuriyet-50, and Kiral-97) to increasing applications of zinc (Zn) (Control, 9, 18, and 27 kg Zn ha− 1) in Zn-deficient calcareous soils (DTPA-Zn = 0.26 mg kg− 1 soil). Relative increases in grain yield as a result of Zn applications over control ranged from 16% to 29% in the 1994–95 and 1995–96 growing seasons, respectively. However, all Zn doses were placed in the same yield group. In the control plants, Zn concentrations of the leaves and grains were 10.55 mg kg− 1 and 9.95 mg kg− 1, respectively, as the mean of all varieties. These Zn concentrations were below the critical Zn concentration which was reported as 10–15 mg kg− 1. Zinc concentrations of the leaves and grains were increased by Zn fertilization and relative increases were 185% (30.05 mg kg− 1) and 122% (20.00 mg kg− 1), respectively. In spite of variety x zinc, interaction was not significant, “Erginel-90” “Kiral-97” and “Cumhuriyet-50” varieties showed the highest grain yield increases by Zn application over the control. Thus, these varieties were determined as more susceptible varieties to Zn deficiency. Also, the yield components showed marked increases as a result of Zn application. Relative increases in plant height, grain number per spike, spike number per square meter with Zn application over the control were 28%, 31%, and 35% in 1994–95 and 20%, 22%, and 18% in 1995–96, respectively. The results showed that Zn deficiency is a critical nutritional problem limiting barley production in the Konya Province of Central Anatolia. The results also showed that Zn concentrations in leaves and grains were below the critical Zn concentration, and significant increases in grain yield, Zn concentration of leaves and grains and some yield components as a result of Zn application were found.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased barley grain yield by 16% to 29% over controls.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Zn applicationse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 16% to 29%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Relative increases in grain yield as a result of Zn applications over control ranged from 16% to 29%”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
All zinc doses fell in the same yield group.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- same yield groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all Zn doses were placed in the same yield group”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control leaves had mean zinc concentration of 10.55 mg kg− 1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations of the leavese0
- Value
- 10.55 mg kg− 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the control plants, Zn concentrations of the leaves and grains were 10.55 mg kg− 1 and 9.95 mg kg− 1, respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control grain had mean zinc concentration of 9.95 mg kg− 1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations of the leaves and grainse0
- Value
- 9.95 mg kg− 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the control plants, Zn concentrations of the leaves and grains were 10.55 mg kg− 1 and 9.95 mg kg− 1, respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased leaf zinc concentration by 185% to 30.05 mg kg− 1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Zinc concentrations of the leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 185%e0
- Qualifier
- 30.05 mg kg− 1e0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc concentrations of the leaves and grains were increased by Zn fertilization and relative increases were 185% (30.05 mg kg− 1) and 122% (20.00 mg kg− 1), respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e2“over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased grain zinc concentration by 122% to 20.00 mg kg− 1.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Zinc concentrations of the leaves and grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 122%e0
- Qualifier
- 20.00 mg kg− 1e0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc concentrations of the leaves and grains were increased by Zn fertilization and relative increases were 185% (30.05 mg kg− 1) and 122% (20.00 mg kg− 1), respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
e2“over control”
Claim · model-written summary
The variety by zinc interaction was not significant.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- variety x zinc, interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety x zinc, interaction was not significant”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Erginel-90, Kiral-97 and Cumhuriyet-50 had the greatest grain yield increases under zinc application.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- “Erginel-90” “Kiral-97” and “Cumhuriyet-50”e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highest grain yield increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0““Erginel-90” “Kiral-97” and “Cumhuriyet-50” varieties showed the highest grain yield increases by Zn application over the control”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Erginel-90, Kiral-97 and Cumhuriyet-50 were judged more susceptible to zinc deficiency.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree2
- Material
- “Erginel-90” “Kiral-97” and “Cumhuriyet-50”e1
- Outcome
- more susceptible varieties to Zn deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these varieties were determined as more susceptible varieties to Zn deficiency”
e1““Erginel-90” “Kiral-97” and “Cumhuriyet-50” varieties”
e2“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased plant height by 28% in 1994–95 and 20% in 1995–96.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increases in plant height, grain number per spike, spike number per square meter with Zn application over the control were 28%, 31%, and 35% in 1994–95 and 20%, 22%, and 18% in 1995–96, respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased grain number per spike by 31% in 1994–95 and 22% in 1995–96.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain number per spikee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Qualifier
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increases in plant height, grain number per spike, spike number per square meter with Zn application over the control were 28%, 31%, and 35% in 1994–95 and 20%, 22%, and 18% in 1995–96, respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased spike number per square meter by 35% in 1994–95 and 18% in 1995–96.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgareHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- spike number per square metere0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increases in plant height, grain number per spike, spike number per square meter with Zn application over the control were 28%, 31%, and 35% in 1994–95 and 20%, 22%, and 18% in 1995–96, respectively”
e1“Hordeum vulgare L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency was judged a critical limit to barley production in Konya Province.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- barley productione0
- Setting
- Konya Province of Central Anatoliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn deficiency is a critical nutritional problem limiting barley production in the Konya Province of Central Anatolia”
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