Effect of Biofortification with Zinc and Iron on Growth Parameters, Yield Attributes and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-2022 at Students' Instructional Farm (S.I.F.) of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of biofortification with zinc and iron on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of Barley. The present experiment having 16 treatment combinations replicated thrice in factorial randomized block design. Barley variety Prakhar (K 1055) (K508/NDB1081) was grown with recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) significantly recorded maximum growth parameters such as plant height (102.00 cm) and number of effective tillers (302.00 m-2) and maximum yield attributing characters such as ear length (8.9 cm), number of grains spike-1 (50.75) and test weight (42.497 g). The result showed highest grain yield (59.55 q ha-1), straw yield (69.673 q ha-1), biological yield (129.22 q ha-1) and harvest index (46.08 %) with 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) in comparison to all the treatments during 2021-2022.

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Claims 2

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined fertilizer treatment produced the maximum barley plant height of 102.00 cm.

Taxon: BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%)e0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 102.00 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Hordeum vulgare* · TaxonJackyM59 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“application of 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) significantly recorded maximum growth parameters such as plant height (102.00 cm)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–802 · show in text ↑

t0
“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–125 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined fertilizer treatment produced the maximum 302.00 effective tillers per square metre.

Taxon: BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
Treatment: 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%)e1
Outcome: number of effective tillerse0
Direction: maximume1
Value: 302.00 m-2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“number of effective tillers (302.00 m-2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 807–847 · show in text ↑

e1
“application of 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) significantly recorded maximum growth parameters”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 615–769 · show in text ↑

t0
“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–125 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ

36 papers: 30 positive, 6 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Zinc application increased barley grain yield by 16% to 29% over controls.
Response of field-grown barley cultivars grown on zinc-deficient soil to zinc application · 2002 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Zn supplementation caused no yield response during this interval.
Effect of Zinc Deficiency on the Accumulation of Boron and Other Mineral Nutrients in Barley · 1987
Opposite direction
negative
Zinc applied in aqueous solution or particulate form at 3 and 30 mmol Zn per kg soil decreased barley biomass yield.
Impact of Bulk ZnO, ZnO Nanoparticles and Dissolved Zn on Early Growth Stages of Barley—A Pot Experiment · 2020
Opposite direction

32 papers more in this group

See all 36 papers →

zinc atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ

43 papers: 25 positive, 18 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction

positive
Zinc application increased plant height by 28% in 1994–95 and 20% in 1995–96.
Response of field-grown barley cultivars grown on zinc-deficient soil to zinc application · 2002 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
Increasing zinc severely inhibited root elongation.
Compartmentation and transport of zinc in barley primary leaves as basic mechanisms involved in zinc tolerance · 1994
Opposite direction
negative
Zinc accumulation significantly decreased water content, fresh weight and dry weight of barley.
Effects of Zn and Cd accumulation on structural and physiological characteristics of barley plants · 2007
Opposite direction

39 papers more in this group

See all 43 papers →

zinc sulfate · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 5 positive, 2 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Heat-induced growth retardation of barley and wheat coleoptiles could not be prevented by dilute solutions of calcium chloride, cobalt nitrate or zinc sulphate.
Heat-induced growth retardation and attempts at its prevention in barley and wheat coleoptiles · 1972
Opposite direction
negative
ZnSO4 caused cell membrane damage and decreased barley seedling fresh weight and length.
Methyl Jasmonate and Zinc Sulfate Induce Secondary Metabolism and Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in Barley Seedlings · 2024
Opposite direction
positive
T7 was significantly superior to the other treatments for plant height.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on performance, productivity and economic feasibility of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Easter Uttar Pradesh · 2025 · compared with rest of the treatments
Same direction

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

iron atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 9 positive, 3 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
The highest EDTA level inhibited barley growth.
Influence of Complexation on the Uptake by Plants of Iron, Manganese, Copper and Zinc · 1991
Opposite direction
no effect
Root/shoot biomass ratio did not show the increase under moderate Fe limitation in soil-grown barley.
Responses to Iron Limitation in Hordeum vulgare L. as Affected by the Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration · 2008
Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round
no effect
Other barley callus growth was not promoted in solid MAs medium.
Application of phytosiderophore to plant cell cultures and production of phytosiderophore by iron‐deficiency stressed plant cell culture · 1992 · compared with EDTA‐Fe
No difference from an alternative

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

iron atom · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 13 positive, 2 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

negative
DTPA applied with Fe led to somewhat greater barley yield depression.
Some interactions of cadmium with other elements in plants · 1977
Opposite direction
no effect
Zn, Mn and Fe levels showed no marked yield differences in barley.
Interactions of Micronutrients in Barley Grown on Zinc‐polluted Soils · 1975
Opposite direction
positive
Additional Fe (100 μM) partially recovered total dry matter yield of Mn stressed barley.
AMELIORATION OF MANGANESE TOXICITY IN BARLEY WITH IRON · 2001 · compared with Mn stressed plants
Same direction

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Foliar ZnSO4 increased barley plant productivity by enhancing plant metabolism and growth.
Response of barley grown under saline condition to some fertilization treatments · 2015
Same direction
positive
Zinc spraying with 50 clipping increased grain yield by 12.5 in the first year.
Yield enhancement and grain vis-à-vis malt quality of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes as influenced by clipping and foliar application of zinc · 2023 · compared with control crop
Same direction
positive
T7 was significantly superior to the other treatments for number of tillers.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on performance, productivity and economic feasibility of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Easter Uttar Pradesh · 2025 · compared with rest of the treatments
Same direction

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

application · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

57 papers: 50 positive, 7 negative or no effect

49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

negative
Saccharin drench 14 days before inoculation reduced total leaf area of barley.
Saccharin‐induced protection against powdery mildew in barley: effects on growth and phenylpropanoid metabolism · 2005
Opposite direction
negative
Six-leaf spraying reduced plant height more than five-leaf spraying.
Sterility Induced in Barley by a Synthetic Pyridone¹ · 1978 · compared with spraying at the five‐leaf stage
Opposite direction
negative
Foliar zinc reduced sprout height 1.2 times.
. Influence of critical excess of microelements on development of barley culture (Hordeum) · 2022
Opposite direction

53 papers more in this group

See all 57 papers →

application · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results

103 papers: 90 positive, 13 negative or no effect

89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction

negative
Fluridone spraying impaired mature seed thousand grain weight.
ABA biosynthesis and degradation contributing to ABA homeostasis during barley seed development under control and terminal drought-stress conditions · 2011
Opposite direction
no effect
Tillering sprays failed to significantly increase barley yield.
EFFECTS OF SEED AND FOLIAR FUNGICIDES ON PROGRESS OF NET BLOTCH AND YIELD IN BARLEY · 1983
Opposite direction
no effect
TiO2 nanoparticle spraying had no significant effect on harvest index or weight of spikelets in barley.
Study of Nano Particles TiO 2 Spraying on Some Yield Components in Barley (Hordem Vulgare L.) · 2011 · compared with control
Opposite direction

99 papers more in this group

See all 103 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.