Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the impact of MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments on the physiological metabolism of barley seedlings and the content of phenolic acid. The results showed that MeJA (100 μM) and ZnSO4 (4 mM) treatments effectively increased the phenolic acid content by increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesis. As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control. Furthermore, MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content, causing cell membrane damage and decreasing the fresh weight and seedling length. Barley seedlings responded to MeJA- and ZnSO4-induced stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and controlling their gene expression levels. Meanwhile, MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly upregulated calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genes in barley seedlings. This suggested that Ca2+ may be the signaling molecule that promotes phenolic acid synthesis under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatment. This study deepens the understanding of the phenolic acid enrichment process in barley seedlings under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA raised barley seedling phenolic acid content by 35.3% at four days.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.3%e0
- Qualifier
- at four dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 raised barley seedling phenolic acid content by 30.9% at four days.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30.9%e0
- Qualifier
- at four dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA raised barley seedling phenolic acid content by 33.8% at six days.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.8%e0
- Qualifier
- at six dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 raised barley seedling phenolic acid content by 34.5% at six days.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.5%e0
- Qualifier
- at six dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of the MeJA or ZnSO4 treatment, the phenolic acid content increased by 35.3% and 30.9% at four days and by 33.8% and 34.5% at six days, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA increased activities of phenolic-acid synthesis enzymes in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- MeJA (100 μM)e0
- Outcome
- activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA (100 μM) and ZnSO4 (4 mM) treatments effectively increased the phenolic acid content by increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H)”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 increased activities of phenolic-acid synthesis enzymes in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4 (4 mM)e0
- Outcome
- activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA (100 μM) and ZnSO4 (4 mM) treatments effectively increased the phenolic acid content by increasing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H)”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA upregulated genes involved in barley phenolic acid synthesis.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Methyl Jasmonatet0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesise0
- Direction
- up-regulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesis.”
t0“Methyl Jasmonate and Zinc Sulfate Induce Secondary Metabolism and Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in Barley Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 upregulated genes involved in barley phenolic acid synthesis.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zinc Sulfatet0
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesise0
- Direction
- up-regulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in phenolic acid synthesis.”
t0“Methyl Jasmonate and Zinc Sulfate Induce Secondary Metabolism and Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in Barley Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA increased malondialdehyde content in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 increased malondialdehyde content in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA caused cell membrane damage and decreased barley seedling fresh weight and length.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- cell membrane damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content, causing cell membrane damage and decreasing the fresh weight and seedling length.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 caused cell membrane damage and decreased barley seedling fresh weight and length.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- fresh weight and seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- cell membrane damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly increased the malondialdehyde content, causing cell membrane damage and decreasing the fresh weight and seedling length.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA increased antioxidant enzyme activities in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- Barley seedlingsHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- MeJA-e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley seedlings responded to MeJA- and ZnSO4-induced stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 increased antioxidant enzyme activities in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- Barley seedlingsHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley seedlings responded to MeJA- and ZnSO4-induced stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA and ZnSO4 stress was accompanied by control of antioxidant enzyme gene expression in barley.
- Taxon
- Barley seedlingsHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- controlling their gene expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley seedlings responded to MeJA- and ZnSO4-induced stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and controlling their gene expression levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA upregulated calcium-associated genes in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- barley seedlingsHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- MeJAe0
- Outcome
- calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly upregulated calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genes in barley seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO4 upregulated calcium-associated genes in barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- barley seedlingsHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MeJA and ZnSO4 treatments significantly upregulated calcium-adenosine triphosphate, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein genes in barley seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Ca2+ may signal phenolic acid synthesis under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatment.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Compound
- Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid synthesise0
- Qualifier
- under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suggested that Ca2+ may be the signaling molecule that promotes phenolic acid synthesis under MeJA and ZnSO4 treatment.”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
(-)-methyl jasmonate · physiology: oxidative · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
(-)-methyl jasmonate · molecular: expression · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
zinc sulfate · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →(-)-methyl jasmonate · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
(-)-methyl jasmonate · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.