Abstract
A wind and insect exclusion pollination experiment was conducted in a wild population of the cycad Zamia pumila L. in Florida. Cones from which insects but not wind were excluded produced no viable seeds, while cones from which wind but not insects were excluded produced abundant viable seeds. Two beetle species have been identified which may be effecting pollination. Adults and larvae of both beetles are found abundantly on the male cones, and adults of both species and larvae of one species are found occasionally on female cones. Z. pumila produces sugar and amino acid‐rich micropyle droplets which may serve as pollinator rewards. Mimicry of resource‐rich male cones by female cones and the use of cones as refuges between mating and feeding bouts may account for beetle movement from male to female cones.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Excluding insects while allowing wind yielded no viable seeds.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILA
Zamia pumilat0 - Treatment
- insects but not wind were excludede0
- Outcome
- no viable seedse0
Not reportedInteractorComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cones from which insects but not wind were excluded produced no viable seeds”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
Claim · model-written summary
Excluding wind while allowing insects yielded abundant viable seeds.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILAZamia pumilat0
- Treatment
- wind but not insects were excludede0
- Outcome
- abundant viable seedse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cones from which wind but not insects were excluded produced abundant viable seeds”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
Claim · model-written summary
Two beetle species were identified as possible pollinators.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILAZamia pumilat0
- Interactor
- Two beetle speciese0pollinator
- Outcome
- may be effecting pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two beetle species have been identified which may be effecting pollination”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults and larvae of both beetles occur abundantly on male cones.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILAZamia pumilat0
- Organ / stage
- male conese0
- Outcome
- found abundantly on the male conese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adults and larvae of both beetles are found abundantly on the male cones”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
e1“Two beetle species have been identified which may be effecting pollination”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults of both beetles and larvae of one beetle occur occasionally on female cones.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILAZamia pumilat0
- Organ / stage
- female conese0
- Interactor
- both speciese0
- Outcome
- found occasionally on female conese0
Not reportedInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adults of both species and larvae of one species are found occasionally on female cones”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. pumila produces sugar and amino acid-rich micropyle droplets that may reward pollinators.
- Taxon
- Z. pumilaZamia pumilae0
- Organ / stage
- micropyle dropletse0
- Outcome
- sugar and amino acid‐rich micropyle dropletse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. pumila produces sugar and amino acid‐rich micropyle droplets which may serve as pollinator rewards”
Claim · model-written summary
Female cone mimicry and use of cones as refuges may explain beetle movement between sexes.
- Taxon
- ZAMIA PUMILAZamia pumilat0
- Outcome
- beetle movement from male to female conese0
- Qualifier
- Mimicry of resource‐rich male cones by female conese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mimicry of resource‐rich male cones by female cones and the use of cones as refuges between mating and feeding bouts may account for beetle movement from male to female cones”
t0“ZAMIA PUMILA”
e1“Two beetle species have been identified which may be effecting pollination”