Abstract
Penicillium expansum is the causative agent of apple blue mold. The inhibitory effects of the capsaicin derived from Capsicum spp. fruits and yeast Hansenula wingei against P. expansum were evaluated in an in vitro and in in vivo assay using Fuji apples. The minimum inhibitory concentration of capsaicin determined using the broth micro-dilution method was 122.16 µg mL-1. Capsaicin did not reduce blue mold incidence in apples. However, it was able to delay fungal growth in the first 14 days of the in vivo assay. The in vivo effect of the yeast Hansenula wingei AM2(-2), alone and combined with thiabendazole at low dosage (40 µg mL-1), on the incidence of apple diseases caused by P. expansum was also described. H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosage (10% of the dosage recommended by the manufacturer) showed the best efficacy (100%) up to 7 days of storage at 21 ºC, later showing a non-statistically different decrease (p > 0.05) after 14 (80.45%) and 21 days (72.13%), respectively. These results contribute providing new options for using antifungal agents against Penicillium expansum.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Capsaicin inhibited P. expansum in broth at a minimum concentration of 122.16 µg mL-1.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae1 - Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration of capsaicine0
- Value
- 122.16 µg mL-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum inhibitory concentration of capsaicin determined using the broth micro-dilution method was 122.16 µg mL-1.”
e1“using Fuji apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsaicin did not reduce blue mold incidence in apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Capsaicine0
- Outcome
- blue mold incidencee0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Capsaicin did not reduce blue mold incidence in apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsaicin delayed fungal growth over the first 14 days in apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Capsaicine1
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Qualifier
- first 14 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was able to delay fungal growth in the first 14 days of the in vivo assay”
e1“Capsaicin did not reduce blue mold incidence in apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
H. wingei with low-dose fungicide achieved 100% efficacy through seven days of storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosage (10% of the dosage recommended by the manufacturer)e0
- Interactor
- H. wingei AM2(-2)Wickerhamomyces canadensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- up to 7 days of storage at 21 ºCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosage (10% of the dosage recommended by the manufacturer) showed the best efficacy (100%) up to 7 days of storage at 21 ºC”
e1“using Fuji apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination retained 80.45% efficacy at 14 days.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosagee1
- Outcome
- decreasee0
- Value
- 80.45%e0
- Qualifier
- after 14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“later showing a non-statistically different decrease (p > 0.05) after 14 (80.45%) and 21 days (72.13%), respectively”
e1“H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosage”
e2“using Fuji apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination retained 72.13% efficacy at 21 days.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosagee1
- Outcome
- decreasee0
- Value
- 72.13%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“later showing a non-statistically different decrease (p > 0.05) after 14 (80.45%) and 21 days (72.13%), respectively”
e1“H. wingei AM2(-2) combined with a low fungicide dosage”
e2“using Fuji apples”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · control · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.