Abstract
Epiphytic and endophytic micro-organisms associated with plants form complex communities on or in their host plant. These communities influence physiological traits, development, and host susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses, and these communities are theorized to have evolved alongside their hosts, forming a unit of selection known as the holobiont. The microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by abiotic factors, including applied exogenous agents. In this study, we compared the impact of chemical fungicide and salicylic acid treatments on the fungal communities of "Honeycrisp" apples at harvest over two consecutive growing years. We demonstrated variations in fungal community structure and composition by tissue type, growing season, and treatment regimes and that fungicide treatments were associated with reduced network complexity. Finally, we show that the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray program allowed a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of disease at harvest and following storage.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fungal community structure and composition varied by tissue type, season and treatment regime
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Honeycrispe1
- Outcome
- fungal community structure and compositione2
- Qualifier
- by tissue type, growing season, and treatment regimese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the apple microbiome”
e1“fungal communities of "Honeycrisp" apples at harvest”
e2“We demonstrated variations in fungal community structure and composition by tissue type, growing season, and treatment regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatments were associated with reduced apple fungal network complexity
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmentse3
- Outcome
- network complexitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the apple microbiome”
e3“fungicide treatments were associated with reduced network complexity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicide allowed a reduction in fungicide use in apple
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray programe4
- Outcome
- fungicide usee4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the apple microbiome”
e4“the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray program allowed a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of disease at harvest and following storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicide maintained effective apple disease control at harvest and after storage
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray programe4
- Outcome
- effective control of disease at harvest and following storagee4
- Direction
- maintaininge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“on the apple microbiome”
e4“the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray program allowed a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of disease at harvest and following storage”
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