Abstract
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage. In this 3-year study (2014–2016), salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) or its analogue (Benzothidiazole or Actigard®) were applied to field-established apple ‘Honeycrisp’ at the tight cluster stage of flower bud development and at late pink bloom as either trunk injection or foliar sprays and to ‘Cortland’ (injection only). AS and FLS leaf infections were assessed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the second treatment while infections on fruit were assessed at harvest. Main treatment effects were significant (P = 0.05) and both salicylic acid and Actigard® showed less infections on foliage due to AS in 2014 and 2016, and only salicylic acid showed less BR infections on fruit in both years. The cultivar effects were also significant, showing consistently less AS infections on the foliage and fruit of ‘Honeycrisp’, and less FLS infections on ‘Cortland’ foliage. Injection and spray treatments of salicylic acid and Actigard® showed no differences in infections by AS and FLS or BR on foliage or fruit. The method of application × treatment interactions were only significant in 2014; both salicylic acid and Actigard®-treated ‘Cortland’ trees showed less FLS infections on foliage and less BR infections on fruit, and only salicylic acid-treated ‘Honeycrisp’ trees showed less percentage of AS and BR infected fruit. In 2015, both salicylic acid and Actigard® treatments showed less infections of FLS on foliage and lower BR-infected fruit on ‘Cortland’. In 2016, both these treatments reduced incidence of AS and FLS on ‘Cortland’ foliage, and only salicylic acid reduced AS infections on ‘Honeycrisp’ foliage. Further studies are needed to integrate salicylic acid or Actigard® treatments into an apple foliar disease management program with registered fungicides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid reduced apple scab foliage infections in 2014 and 2016.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise1pathogen - Outcome
- infections on foliage due to ASe0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both salicylic acid and Actigard® showed less infections on foliage due to AS in 2014 and 2016”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Actigard reduced apple scab foliage infections in 2014 and 2016.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Actigard®e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise1pathogen
- Outcome
- infections on foliage due to ASe0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both salicylic acid and Actigard® showed less infections on foliage due to AS in 2014 and 2016”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid reduced black rot infections on fruit in both years.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria obtusaDiplodia seriatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- BR infections on fruite0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only salicylic acid showed less BR infections on fruit in both years”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Honeycrisp had less apple scab infection on foliage and fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Honeycrisp’e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise1pathogen
- Outcome
- AS infections on the foliage and fruite0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less AS infections on the foliage and fruit of ‘Honeycrisp’”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cortland had less frogeye leaf spot on foliage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Cortland’e0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria obtusaDiplodia seriatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- FLS infectionse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less FLS infections on ‘Cortland’ foliage”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Injection and spray application did not differ in disease infections.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Injectione0
- Outcome
- infections by AS and FLS or BR on foliage or fruite0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- spray treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injection and spray treatments of salicylic acid and Actigard® showed no differences in infections by AS and FLS or BR on foliage or fruit”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, treated Cortland trees had less frogeye leaf spot on foliage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Cortland’e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria obtusaDiplodia seriatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- FLS infections on foliagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both salicylic acid and Actigard®-treated ‘Cortland’ trees showed less FLS infections on foliage”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, treated Cortland trees had less black rot on fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Cortland’e0
- Treatment
- Actigard®e0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria obtusaDiplodia seriatae1pathogen
- Outcome
- BR infections on fruite0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both salicylic acid and Actigard®-treated ‘Cortland’ trees showed less FLS infections on foliage and less BR infections on fruit”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2014, salicylic acid treated Honeycrisp had less apple scab and black rot fruit infection.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Honeycrisp’e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- AS and BR infected fruite0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only salicylic acid-treated ‘Honeycrisp’ trees showed less percentage of AS and BR infected fruit”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015, both treatments lowered frogeye foliage infection and black rot fruit infection on Cortland.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Cortland’e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- infections of FLS on foliagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both salicylic acid and Actigard® treatments showed less infections of FLS on foliage and lower BR-infected fruit on ‘Cortland’”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016, both treatments reduced apple scab and frogeye foliage incidence on Cortland.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Cortland’e0
- Treatment
- both these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- incidence of AS and FLSe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both these treatments reduced incidence of AS and FLS on ‘Cortland’ foliage”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016, salicylic acid alone reduced apple scab foliage infection on Honeycrisp.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Honeycrisp’e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise1pathogen
- Outcome
- AS infectionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only salicylic acid reduced AS infections on ‘Honeycrisp’ foliage”
t0“apple scab and frogeye or black rot infections with salicylic acid”
e1“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) (AS) and frogeye leaf spot or black rot (Botryosphaeria obtusa) (FLS or BR) are two diseases of apples that affect developing foliage and fruit during summer and cause significant losses in the field and during storage”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.