Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has been managed primarily with broad-spectrum insecticides in orchard systems. Recently, IPM techniques have been developed specifically for managing H. halys in apple orchards to reduce insecticide inputs and take advantage of its perimeter-driven behavior. In 2015 and 2016, we compared these IPM tactics to one another and an untreated control to measure differences in overall crop protection and insecticide inputs. Tactics included trap-based threshold-triggered spray applications, perimeter-based attract-and-kill (AK) trees treated every 7- and 14-d, and perimeter spray applications applied every 7- and 14-d. All plots were monitored with baited black pyramid traps deployed in plot interiors. In both years, mean number of H. halys captured in untreated control plot traps was significantly greater than plots managed using IPM tactics. In 2015, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7- and 14-d perimeter and AK plots compared with trap-based threshold plots. There was no significant difference in the percentage of injured fruit in plot interiors among IPM tactics; all were significantly lower than the control. In 2016, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7-d perimeter spray and AK plots compared with all other treatments. Significantly less injury was detected in plot interiors for 7- and 14-d perimeter and trap-based threshold plots compared with the control and 7- and 14-d AK plots. Although all IPM tactics reduced H. halys injury in apples using a trap-based treatment threshold required fewer insecticide inputs and only during brief periods of the season, while all others required season-long maintenance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated plots captured more H. halys than IPM plots in both years.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat1 - Treatment
- IPM tacticse0
- Interactor
- H. halys
Halyomorpha halyse0pest - Outcome
- number of H. halys capturede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- untreated control plot trapse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, mean number of H. halys captured in untreated control plot traps was significantly greater than plots managed using IPM tactics.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 the 7- and 14-day perimeter tactics used more insecticide than threshold plots.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- 7- and 14-d perimetere0
- Interactor
- Halyomorpha halysHalyomorpha halyst0pest
- Outcome
- insecticide applicationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- trap-based threshold plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2015, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7- and 14-d perimeter and AK plots compared with trap-based threshold plots.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
t0“Halyomorpha halys”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 the AK tactics used more insecticide than threshold plots.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- AK plotse0
- Interactor
- Halyomorpha halysHalyomorpha halyst0pest
- Outcome
- insecticide applicationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- trap-based threshold plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2015, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7- and 14-d perimeter and AK plots compared with trap-based threshold plots.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
t0“Halyomorpha halys”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 injury did not differ significantly among IPM tactics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- IPM tacticse0
- Outcome
- percentage of injured fruite0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the percentage of injured fruit in plot interiors among IPM tactics”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2015 all IPM tactics had less fruit injury than control.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- IPM tacticse0
- Outcome
- percentage of injured fruite0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the percentage of injured fruit in plot interiors among IPM tactics; all were significantly lower than the control.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016 the 7-day perimeter spray plots used more insecticide than other treatments.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- 7-d perimeter spraye0
- Outcome
- insecticide applicationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2016, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7-d perimeter spray and AK plots compared with all other treatments.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016 the 7-day AK plots used more insecticide than other treatments.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- AK plotse0
- Outcome
- insecticide applicationse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2016, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7-d perimeter spray and AK plots compared with all other treatments.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016 perimeter tactics had less fruit injury than control and AK tactics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- 7- and 14-d perimetere0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- the control and 7- and 14-d AK plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less injury was detected in plot interiors for 7- and 14-d perimeter and trap-based threshold plots compared with the control and 7- and 14-d AK plots.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2016 threshold plots had less fruit injury than control and AK tactics.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- trap-based threshold plotse0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- the control and 7- and 14-d AK plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less injury was detected in plot interiors for 7- and 14-d perimeter and trap-based threshold plots compared with the control and 7- and 14-d AK plots.”
t1“Apple Orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Threshold management used fewer insecticide inputs and only briefly in the season.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat1
- Treatment
- trap-based treatment thresholde0
- Outcome
- insecticide inputse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- brief periods of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a trap-based treatment threshold required fewer insecticide inputs and only during brief periods of the season”
t1“Apple Orchards”
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