Abstract
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. The mutualistic endophytes Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo162 (Fo162) and Rhizobium etli strain G12 (G12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance toward M. incognita. By using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in M. incognita infection. More importantly, spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments. In an additional split-root experiment, spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 resulted in a reduction of Fo162 root colonization of approximately 50% over the water controls in two independent experiments. The results suggested that the suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognita is possibly related to the induction of specific plant defense mechanisms. Thus, although Fo162 and G12 have the ability to systemically repress M. incognita infection in tomato, they can be considered incompatible biocontrol agents when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root system.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous spatially separated Fo162 and G12 inoculation did not produce additive reductions in M. incognita infection in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- simultaneous inoculation of both endophytese0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- M. incognita infectione0
- Direction
- did not lead to additive reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“spatially separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in M. incognita infection”
e1“triple-split-root tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
G12 inoculation on another tomato root section reduced Fo162 root colonization by 35% in one experiment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- G12 was inoculated on a separate root sectione0
- Interactor
- Fo162e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G12e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fo162 root colonizatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 35e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments”
e1“triple-split-root tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
G12 inoculation on another tomato root section reduced Fo162 root colonization by 39% in a second experiment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- G12 was inoculated on a separate root sectione0
- Interactor
- Fo162e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G12e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fo162 root colonizatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments”
e1“triple-split-root tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 reduced Fo162 root colonization by approximately 50% compared with water controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- spatial separation of Fo162 and G12e0
- Interactor
- Fo162e0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G12e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fo162 root colonizatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- approximately 50%e0
- Comparator
- water controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 resulted in a reduction of Fo162 root colonization of approximately 50% over the water controls in two independent experiments”
e1“triple-split-root tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest G12 suppression of Fo162 and M. incognita may involve specific tomato defense mechanisms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Second interactor
- G12e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognitae0
- Qualifier
- induction of specific plant defense mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognita is possibly related to the induction of specific plant defense mechanisms”
e1“triple-split-root tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider Fo162 and G12 incompatible biocontrol agents when both occupy the same tomato root system.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Second interactor
- Fo162e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incompatible biocontrol agentse0
- Qualifier
- when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fo162 and G12 have the ability to systemically repress M. incognita infection in tomato, they can be considered incompatible biocontrol agents when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root system”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
66 papers more in this group
See all 70 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.