Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of different levels of cadmium (Cd) on Cd accumulation and their effects on uptake of micronutrients in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. Cadmium accumulation in shoots and interactions among other metals [manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] were investigated. Ten levels of Cd ranging from 0 to 200 mg kg–1 soil were tested. The crop was grown for 60 days in a loamy sand soil with adequate basal fertilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and dry-matter yield (DMY) was recorded. The plants were analyzed for total Cd and micronutrients, and the soil was analyzed for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Cd. Experimental results showed that the DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil increased consistently and significantly with increase in rates of Cd application up to 200 mg Cd kg–1 soil. Significant reduction in the DMY of Indian mustard occurred with application of 5 mg Cd kg–1 soil and greater. The content as well as uptake of Cd by Indian mustard increased significantly over the control at all rates of its application. It increased from 5.95 μg pot–1 in the control to 150.6 μg pot–1 at Cd application of 200 mg kg–1 soil. Application of Cd to soil though decreased the content of micronutrients in plants, but significant reduction occurred only for Fe at rates beyond 50 mg Cd kg–1 soil. However, the total removal of Fe, Zn, and Cu registered a significant decline over the control at and above Cd application of 10 mg kg–1 and that of Mn beyond 10 mg kg–1. In loamy sand soil, a DTPA-extractable Cd level of 3.8 mg kg–1 soil and in plant content of 28.0 μg Cd g–1 DMY was found to be the upper threshold levels of Cd for Indian mustard. Considerable residual content in the soil suggests that once the soil is contaminated by Cd it remains available in the soil for decades, and food crops grown on these soils may be a significant source of Cd toxicity to both humans and grazing animals.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil DTPA-extractable Cd increased significantly with Cd application up to 200 mg Cd kg–1 soil.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- Cd application up to 200 mg Cd kg–1 soile0
- Outcome
- DTPA-extractable Cd in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental results showed that the DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil increased consistently and significantly with increase in rates of Cd application up to 200 mg Cd kg–1 soil.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5 mg Cd kg–1 soil and above, Cd application significantly reduced Indian mustard dry-matter yield.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- application of 5 mg Cd kg–1 soil and greatere0
- Outcome
- DMY of Indian mustarde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reduction in the DMY of Indian mustard occurred with application of 5 mg Cd kg–1 soil and greater.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd application significantly increased Cd content in Indian mustard over the control at every rate.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content as well as uptake of Cd by Indian mustard increased significantly over the control at all rates of its application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd uptake by Indian mustard significantly increased over the control at every application rate, from 5.95 to 150.6 μg pot–1 at the highest rate.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- uptake of Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content as well as uptake of Cd by Indian mustard increased significantly over the control at all rates of its application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd application decreased plant micronutrient content.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- content of micronutrients in plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd to soil though decreased the content of micronutrients in plants, but significant reduction occurred only for Fe at rates beyond 50 mg Cd kg–1 soil.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe content fell significantly only beyond 50 mg Cd kg–1 soil.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cd to soile0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- beyond 50 mg Cd kg–1 soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Cd to soil though decreased the content of micronutrients in plants, but significant reduction occurred only for Fe at rates beyond 50 mg Cd kg–1 soil.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Total removal of Fe, Zn, and Cu declined significantly at and above 10 mg Cd kg–1 versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cd application of 10 mg kg–1e0
- Outcome
- total removal of Fe, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the total removal of Fe, Zn, and Cu registered a significant decline over the control at and above Cd application of 10 mg kg–1 and that of Mn beyond 10 mg kg–1.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Total Mn removal declined significantly beyond 10 mg Cd kg–1.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- Cd application of 10 mg kg–1e0
- Outcome
- Mne0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- beyond 10 mg kg–1e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the total removal of Fe, Zn, and Cu registered a significant decline over the control at and above Cd application of 10 mg kg–1 and that of Mn beyond 10 mg kg–1.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
The upper soil threshold for Indian mustard was 3.8 mg kg–1 DTPA-extractable Cd.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Outcome
- DTPA-extractable Cd levele0
- Value
- 3.8 mg kg–1 soile0
- Setting
- loamy sand soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loamy sand soil, a DTPA-extractable Cd level of 3.8 mg kg–1 soil and in plant content of 28.0 μg Cd g–1 DMY was found to be the upper threshold levels of Cd for Indian mustard.”
Claim · model-written summary
The upper plant Cd threshold for Indian mustard was 28.0 μg Cd g–1 DMY.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Outcome
- plant contente0
- Value
- 28.0 μg Cd g–1 DMYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In loamy sand soil, a DTPA-extractable Cd level of 3.8 mg kg–1 soil and in plant content of 28.0 μg Cd g–1 DMY was found to be the upper threshold levels of Cd for Indian mustard.”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual Cd in contaminated soil may remain available for decades.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceat0
- Outcome
- residual content in the soile0
- Qualifier
- available in the soil for decadese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable residual content in the soil suggests that once the soil is contaminated by Cd it remains available in the soil for decades, and food crops grown on these soils may be a significant source of Cd toxicity to both humans and grazing animals.”
t0“Indian mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Food crops on Cd-contaminated soils may be a significant source of Cd toxicity to humans and grazing animals.
Verbatim
e0“Considerable residual content in the soil suggests that once the soil is contaminated by Cd it remains available in the soil for decades, and food crops grown on these soils may be a significant source of Cd toxicity to both humans and grazing animals.”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.