Abstract
Grower adoption of no-tillage (NT) approaches to organic soybean production has been limited, in part because of the perceived risks of ineffective cover crop management and lack of season-long weed suppression. We conducted research in 2008 and 2009 to assess those risks by quantifying the effects of winter rye cover-crop management (tilling, crimping, or mowing), soybean planting date (mid May or early June), and row width (19 or 76 cm) on weed recruitment, emergence patterns, season-long suppression, and late-season weed community composition in transitional organic production systems. The weed plant community consisted largely of summer annual species in each year, with velvetleaf or common lambsquarters as the most abundant species. Seedling recruitment from the soil seedbank varied between years, but velvetleaf recruitment was consistently greater in the tilled rye than in the NT rye treatments. Weed emergence tended to peak early in the season in the tilled rye treatment, but in the NT rye treatments, the peak occurred in mid or late season. More-diverse summer annual and perennial species were associated with the NT rye treatments. Even so, weed suppression (as measured by late-season weed shoot mass) was much greater in crimped or mowed rye NT treatments than it was in the tilled treatment. Weed suppression among NT rye treatments was greater in 19- than in 76-row spacing treatments in each year and was greater for mid May than it was for early June planted soybean in 2009. The NT planting of soybean into standing rye before termination (crimping or mowing) facilitated timely planting of soybean, as well as effective, season-long weed suppression, suggesting that those approaches to rye and weed management are of less risk than those typically perceived by growers. Our results suggest that NT systems in winter rye provide effective weed-management alternatives to the typical tillage-intensive approach for organic soybean production.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Summer annual weeds dominated the community, with velvetleaf or common lambsquarters most abundant.
Verbatim
e0“The weed plant community consisted largely of summer annual species in each year, with velvetleaf or common lambsquarters as the most abundant species.”
t0“Weed Community Dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling recruitment from the soil seedbank varied between years.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling recruitment from the soil seedbank varied between years”
t0“Weed Community Dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf recruited more under tilled than no-tillage rye.
- Taxon
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0 - Treatment
- tilled ryee0
- Outcome
- velvetleaf recruitmente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- NT rye treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“velvetleaf recruitment was consistently greater in the tilled rye than in the NT rye treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed emergence peaked early in tilled rye.
Verbatim
e0“Weed emergence tended to peak early in the season in the tilled rye treatment”
t0“Weed Community Dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed emergence peaked in mid or late season under no-tillage rye.
Verbatim
e0“in the NT rye treatments, the peak occurred in mid or late season”
t0“Weed Community Dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage rye was associated with more diverse summer annual and perennial weeds.
Verbatim
e0“More-diverse summer annual and perennial species were associated with the NT rye treatments.”
t0“Weed Community Dynamics”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimped or mowed no-tillage rye suppressed weeds more than tilled rye.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- crimped or mowed rye NT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed suppressione0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Comparator
- tilled treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed suppression (as measured by late-season weed shoot mass) was much greater in crimped or mowed rye NT treatments than it was in the tilled treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed suppression was greater under 19 than 76 row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 19-e0
- Outcome
- Weed suppressione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 76-row spacing treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression among NT rye treatments was greater in 19- than in 76-row spacing treatments in each year”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-May soybean planting suppressed weeds more than early-June planting in 2009.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mid Maye0
- Outcome
- Weed suppressione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- early June planted soybeane0
- Setting
- 2009e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed suppression among NT rye treatments was greater in 19- than in 76-row spacing treatments in each year and was greater for mid May than it was for early June planted soybean in 2009”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting soybean into standing rye before termination facilitated timely planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NT planting of soybean into standing rye before termination (crimping or mowing)e0
- Outcome
- timely planting of soybeane0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NT planting of soybean into standing rye before termination (crimping or mowing) facilitated timely planting of soybean”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting soybean into standing rye before termination provided season-long weed suppression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NT planting of soybean into standing rye before termination (crimping or mowing)e0
- Outcome
- weed suppressione0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NT planting of soybean into standing rye before termination (crimping or mowing) facilitated timely planting of soybean, as well as effective, season-long weed suppression”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend no-tillage winter rye as an effective alternative for weed management in organic soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NT systems in winter ryee0
- Outcome
- weed-management alternativese0
- Comparator
- typical tillage-intensive approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that NT systems in winter rye provide effective weed-management alternatives to the typical tillage-intensive approach for organic soybean production.”
t0“Soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.