Abstract
Phosphorus efficiency (PE), and its relationship with intracellular (APase) and secreted (S-APase) acid phosphatases, anthocyanin accumulation, and calcium and zinc nutrition, were compared among 8 cultivars of each of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil grown under greenhouse conditions with low and high rates of P supply in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Except for the chickpea cultivars, deficiency of P resulted in significant decreases in shoot dry weight of all the crop cultivars and led to significant decreases in root dry weight in wheat and sunflower, significant increases in root dry weight in chickpea, and no significant difference in root dry weight in lentil. PE differed greatly among species and their cultivars. On average, shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply, and the increases in P concentration differed greatly among cultivars of all species. Intracellular leaf APase activity of wheat and lentil cultivars was slightly decreased by P supply, while it was unchanged in sunflower and chickpea cultivars. However, root-secreted acid phosphatase (S-APase) activity was significantly reduced by P supply in wheat, sunflower, and chickpea cultivars. Under low-P conditions, S-APase activities of all species except sunflower were negatively correlated with PE. Phosphorus deficiency increased the anthocyanin concentration of the cultivars of wheat and sunflower, whereas it was usually decreased in cultivars of the P-efficient species chickpea and lentil. In general, concentration of Ca was found to be lower, but Zn concentration was higher, in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars. The results demonstrated that PE of the cultivars clearly depends on their ability to take up P and Zn, and on secretion of acid phosphatases from their roots under P deficiency. The results also suggest that characteristics of Zn and Ca nutrition should be taken into consideration when screening cultivars of crop species for their P efficiency.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency significantly decreased shoot dry weight except in chickpea cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil
Cicer arietinum
Lens culinaris
Helianthus annuus
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- deficiency of Pe0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for the chickpea cultivars, deficiency of P resulted in significant decreases in shoot dry weight of all the crop cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency decreased root dry weight in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant decreases in root dry weight in wheat and sunflower”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency increased root dry weight in chickpea.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in root dry weight in chickpea”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil root dry weight did not differ significantly under P deficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference in root dry weight in lentil”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus efficiency differed greatly among species and cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- PEe0
- Direction
- differed greatlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PE differed greatly among species and their cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply raised wheat shoot P concentration by 44% on average.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply raised sunflower shoot P concentration by 54% on average.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply raised chickpea shoot P concentration by 47% on average.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply raised lentil shoot P concentration by 8% on average.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply slightly decreased leaf APase activity in wheat and lentil cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- Intracellular leaf APase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intracellular leaf APase activity of wheat and lentil cultivars was slightly decreased by P supply”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply left leaf APase activity unchanged in sunflower and chickpea cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was unchanged in sunflower and chickpea cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P supply significantly reduced root-secreted acid phosphatase in wheat, sunflower and chickpea.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P supplye0
- Outcome
- root-secreted acid phosphatase (S-APase) activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-secreted acid phosphatase (S-APase) activity was significantly reduced by P supply in wheat, sunflower, and chickpea cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low P, S-APase activity correlated negatively with phosphorus efficiency except in sunflower.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low-P conditionse0
- Outcome
- PEe0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- S-APase activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low-P conditions, S-APase activities of all species except sunflower were negatively correlated with PE”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency increased anthocyanin in wheat and sunflower.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus deficiencye0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus deficiency increased the anthocyanin concentration of the cultivars of wheat and sunflower”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency usually decreased anthocyanin in chickpea and lentil.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was usually decreased in cultivars of the P-efficient species chickpea and lentil”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P-efficient cultivars had lower Ca concentration than P-inefficient cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- P-efficient cultivarse0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- P-inefficient cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentration of Ca was found to be lower, but Zn concentration was higher, in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
P-efficient cultivars had higher Zn concentration than P-inefficient cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- P-efficient cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- P-inefficient cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn concentration was higher, in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors linked P efficiency to P and Zn uptake and root acid phosphatase secretion.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- PEe0
- Qualifier
- ability to take up P and Zn, and on secretion of acid phosphatases from their roots under P deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PE of the cultivars clearly depends on their ability to take up P and Zn, and on secretion of acid phosphatases from their roots under P deficiency”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend considering Zn and Ca nutrition when screening crop cultivars for phosphorus efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentilCicer arietinumLens culinarisHelianthus annuusTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- characteristics of Zn and Ca nutrition should be taken into consideratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characteristics of Zn and Ca nutrition should be taken into consideration when screening cultivars of crop species for their P efficiency”
t0“wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.