Abstract
Abstract In the Midwestern USA, early planting, narrow‐row spacing, and good weed control are recommended practices for soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production. Reduced tillage is being increasingly recommended as a means of reducing fuel use and soil erosion. Little multifactor research has been conducted to define the optimum combination of tillage, planting date, row spacing, and weed control. Two levels of each of these factors were tested in a 2 4 factorial experiment. Treatment levels for each factor were: planting date (1 May vs. 1 June); row spacing (38 vs. 76 cm); weed control (preemergence herbicides vs preemergence + postemergence herbicides); and seedhed preparation (conventional vs. no‐till). Additional treatment combinations evaluated the effects of mechanical cultivation in wide rows. The study was continued for 5 years on a Mexico silt loam, mainly Udollic and Mollic Ochraqualf soil near Columbia, Mo. Compared to their counterparts, average yield advantages for narrowrow spacing, conventional tillage, June planting, and preemergence + postemergenee weed control were, 5 (not significant), 31, 43, and 51 %, respectively. Lack of yield response of ‘Williams’ soybeans to narrowrow spacing and early planting was attributed to limited rainfall and incomplete weed control. Average weed control was 18, 12, and 31% better with conventional tillage, June planting, and herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence than with their counterparts. Other treatment comparisons showed no difference in soybean yields between bentazon (3‐isopropyl‐1H‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxide) applied postemergence and two timely cultivations. The availability of improved herbicides for selective weed control along with improved planting equipment may lead to an acceptance of continuous no‐tillage for a corn ( Zea mays L.)‐soybean rotation. Planting date should be planned so that critical stages of soybean development coincide with periods of probable moisture availability. When mid‐season rainfall is normally deficient, planting soybeans about 1 June may achieve better yields than earlier (1 May) plantings on soils with moisture‐holding characteristics similar to those of the silt loam Udollic and Mollic Ochraqualf soils of central Missouri.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow-row spacing gave a 5% yield advantage over wide rows, which was not significant.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- narrowrow spacinge1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- advantagese1
- Value
- 5e1
- Comparator
- their counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e1“Compared to their counterparts, average yield advantages for narrowrow spacing, conventional tillage, June planting, and preemergence + postemergenee weed control were, 5 (not significant), 31, 43, and 51 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave a 31% soybean yield advantage over no-till.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- advantagese1
- Value
- 31e1
- Comparator
- their counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e1“Compared to their counterparts, average yield advantages for narrowrow spacing, conventional tillage, June planting, and preemergence + postemergenee weed control were, 5 (not significant), 31, 43, and 51 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
June planting gave a 43% soybean yield advantage over May planting.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- June plantinge1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- advantagese1
- Value
- 43e1
- Comparator
- their counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e1“Compared to their counterparts, average yield advantages for narrowrow spacing, conventional tillage, June planting, and preemergence + postemergenee weed control were, 5 (not significant), 31, 43, and 51 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence plus postemergence weed control gave a 51% soybean yield advantage over their counterparts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- preemergence + postemergenee weed controle1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- advantagese1
- Value
- 51e1
- Comparator
- their counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e1“Compared to their counterparts, average yield advantages for narrowrow spacing, conventional tillage, June planting, and preemergence + postemergenee weed control were, 5 (not significant), 31, 43, and 51 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage improved weed control by 18% over its counterpart.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee2
- Outcome
- weed controle2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Value
- 18e2
- Comparator
- their counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e2“Average weed control was 18, 12, and 31% better with conventional tillage, June planting, and herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence than with their counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
June planting improved weed control by 12% over its counterpart.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- June plantinge2
- Outcome
- weed controle2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Value
- 12e2
- Comparator
- their counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e2“Average weed control was 18, 12, and 31% better with conventional tillage, June planting, and herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence than with their counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence improved weed control by 31% over their counterparts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicides applied preemergence and postemergencee2
- Outcome
- weed controle2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Value
- 31%e2
- Comparator
- their counterpartse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e2“Average weed control was 18, 12, and 31% better with conventional tillage, June planting, and herbicides applied preemergence and postemergence than with their counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence bentazon gave no difference in soybean yield from two timely cultivations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- bentazone3
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse3
- Direction
- no differencee3
- Comparator
- two timely cultivationse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) production”
e3“Other treatment comparisons showed no difference in soybean yields between bentazon”
e4“applied postemergence and two timely cultivations”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting soybeans about 1 June may achieve better yields than 1 May planting when mid-season rainfall is deficient.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe5
- Outcome
- yieldse5
- Direction
- bettere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“planting soybeans about 1 June may achieve better yields than earlier (1 May) plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of yield response of Williams soybeans to narrow-row spacing and early planting was attributed to limited rainfall and incomplete weed control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe6
- Treatment
- narrowrow spacing and early plantinge6
- Outcome
- yield responsee6
- Direction
- Lack ofe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Lack of yield response of ‘Williams’ soybeans to narrowrow spacing and early planting was attributed to limited rainfall and incomplete weed control”
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