Abstract
An outdoor pot experiment was carried out in sand culture to investigate the response of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cv. "Matador" and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. "Paris Island" grown at high salinity to supplementary phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Plants were tested during a period from germination to vegetative growth stage. Treatments in germination stage were (1) tap water alone (TW); (2) TW plus 60mM NaCl (TW + S); and (3) TW + S plus supplementary 1 mM KHPO and 2mM KSO in tap water (TW + S + PK). Treatments initiated for seedling and vegetative growth stages were (1) complete nutrient solution (C); (2) C plus 60 mM NaCl (C + S); and (3) C + S plus supplementary 1 mM KHPO and 2 mM KSO in nutrient solution (C + S + PK). High salinity in tap water delayed germination and reduced the final germination percentages for both species compared to control values. High salinity also decreased root elongation compared to the control while the TW + S + PK treatment was similar to the control for both species. Seedling growth, vegetative growth, total chlorophyll and water usage were significantly reduced in both species by high salinity and membrane permeability increased relative to control values. Supplementary K and P (C + S + PK treatment) produced fresh weight, chlorophyll concentrations, water usage and membrane permeability values similar to or slightly lower than the controls. Spinach growth parameters appeared to be less affected than those of lettuce by salinity. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased for both species, especially in lettuce, in the elevated NaCl treatment and leaf P and K was lowered compared to control values. Supplementary P and K produced leaf and root Na levels that were much higher than control values but significantly lower than in the saline treatment in most cases. These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity in tap water delayed germination of the leafy vegetables compared with control values.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e0“High salinity in tap water delayed germination and reduced the final germination percentages for both species compared to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity reduced the final germination percentages of the leafy vegetables compared with control values.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e0“High salinity in tap water delayed germination and reduced the final germination percentages for both species compared to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity decreased root elongation of the leafy vegetables compared with the control.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e1“High salinity also decreased root elongation compared to the control while the TW + S + PK treatment was similar to the control for both species”
Claim · model-written summary
The TW + S + PK treatment left root elongation of the leafy vegetables similar to the control under high salinity.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e1“High salinity also decreased root elongation compared to the control while the TW + S + PK treatment was similar to the control for both species”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly reduced seedling growth and vegetative growth of the leafy vegetables.
- Taxon
- leafy vegetablese7
- Treatment
- high salinitye2
- Outcome
- Seedling growth, vegetative growthe2
- Direction
- significantly reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e2“Seedling growth, vegetative growth, total chlorophyll and water usage were significantly reduced in both species by high salinity and membrane permeability increased relative to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly reduced total chlorophyll and water usage of the leafy vegetables.
- Taxon
- leafy vegetablese7
- Treatment
- high salinitye2
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and water usagee2
- Direction
- significantly reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e2“Seedling growth, vegetative growth, total chlorophyll and water usage were significantly reduced in both species by high salinity and membrane permeability increased relative to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity increased membrane permeability of the leafy vegetables relative to control values.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e2“Seedling growth, vegetative growth, total chlorophyll and water usage were significantly reduced in both species by high salinity and membrane permeability increased relative to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary K and P produced fresh weight similar to or slightly lower than the controls under salinity.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e3“Supplementary K and P (C + S + PK treatment) produced fresh weight, chlorophyll concentrations, water usage and membrane permeability values similar to or slightly lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary K and P produced chlorophyll concentrations, water usage and membrane permeability similar to or slightly lower than the controls under salinity.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e3“Supplementary K and P (C + S + PK treatment) produced fresh weight, chlorophyll concentrations, water usage and membrane permeability values similar to or slightly lower than the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach growth parameters were less affected by salinity than those of lettuce.
- Taxon
- Spinach
Spinacia oleraceae4 - Treatment
- salinitye4
- Outcome
- growth parameterse4
- Direction
- less affectede4
- Comparator
- lettucee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spinach growth parameters appeared to be less affected than those of lettuce by salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium concentration in plant tissues of the leafy vegetables increased in the elevated NaCl treatment.
- Taxon
- leafy vegetablese7
- Treatment
- elevated NaCl treatmente5
- Outcome
- Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissuese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e5“Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased for both species, especially in lettuce, in the elevated NaCl treatment and leaf P and K was lowered compared to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf P and K of the leafy vegetables were lowered compared with control values.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e5“Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased for both species, especially in lettuce, in the elevated NaCl treatment and leaf P and K was lowered compared to control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary P and K produced leaf and root Na levels much higher than control values.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e6“Supplementary P and K produced leaf and root Na levels that were much higher than control values but significantly lower than in the saline treatment in most cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary P and K produced leaf and root Na levels significantly lower than in the saline treatment in most cases.
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
e6“Supplementary P and K produced leaf and root Na levels that were much higher than control values but significantly lower than in the saline treatment in most cases”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on growth and development of the leafy vegetables.
- Taxon
- leafy vegetablese7
- Treatment
- supplementary P and Ke7
- Outcome
- adverse effects of high salinitye7
- Direction
- reducee7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“These results suggest that supplementary P and K can reduce the adverse effects of high salinity on plant growth and physiological development in these leafy vegetables”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.