Abstract
Abstract Experiments were conducted with Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves to investigate where combinations of commercially available biological control agents (BCAs) might control B. cinerea more effectively than individual BCAs. Specifically, we studied the persistence of biocontrol activities, spread of BCAs among leaves, and biocontrol efficacy in relation to application regimes: mixed versus single BCA, pre-versus post-inoculation application, and sequential versus simultaneous application. Three BCA products (Sentinel, Serenade and Trianum) were used for this study. Overall, Serenade did not significantly reduce sporulation of B. cinerea on strawberry leaf discs whereas Sentinel and Trianum gave a similar and significant biocontrol efficacy. Biocontrol efficacy remained almost unchanged 10 days after application at 20/20°C (day/night) or 24/16°C temperature regimes. In contrast, reduced biocontrol efficacy at 26/14°C suggests BCA survival was reduced under these conditions. Incidence of B. cinerea sporulation on leaf discs was ca. 60% higher on leaves that emerged after the BCA application than on leaves directly exposed to BCA, indicating insufficient amount of the BCA had managed to spread to new leaves. Combinations of BCAs, whether applied simultaneously or sequentially (48 h apart), did not improve disease control over the most effective BCA within the combination applied alone. This indicated possible antagonism or interference between the BCAs. Results suggested that there was significant antagonism for most combinations of the three BCAs tested and the degree of antagonism increased as the time from BCA application to pathogen introduction lengthened.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Serenade did not significantly reduce Botrytis sporulation on strawberry leaf discs.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- Serenadee0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereat0pathogen - Outcome
- sporulation of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Serenade did not significantly reduce sporulation of B. cinerea on strawberry leaf discs”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Sentinel gave significant biocontrol efficacy.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Sentinele0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrol efficacye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sentinel and Trianum gave a similar and significant biocontrol efficacy”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Trianum gave significant biocontrol efficacy similar to Sentinel.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Trianume0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrol efficacye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Sentinele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sentinel and Trianum gave a similar and significant biocontrol efficacy”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol efficacy remained almost unchanged ten days after application at both listed temperature regimes.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Biocontrol efficacye0
- Direction
- remained almost unchangede0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after application at 20/20°C (day/night) or 24/16°C temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biocontrol efficacy remained almost unchanged 10 days after application at 20/20°C (day/night) or 24/16°C temperature regimes”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol efficacy was reduced at 26/14°C.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrol efficacye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 26/14°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced biocontrol efficacy at 26/14°C suggests BCA survival was reduced under these conditions”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis sporulation incidence was about 60% higher on newly emerged leaves than on leaves directly exposed to the biocontrol agent.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- Incidence of B. cinerea sporulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- ca. 60%e0
- Comparator
- leaves directly exposed to BCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence of B. cinerea sporulation on leaf discs was ca. 60% higher on leaves that emerged after the BCA application than on leaves directly exposed to BCA”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous combinations of biocontrol agents did not improve disease control over the most effective agent alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Combinations of BCAse0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- simultaneouslye0
- Comparator
- most effective BCA within the combination applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of BCAs, whether applied simultaneously or sequentially (48 h apart), did not improve disease control over the most effective BCA within the combination applied alone”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential combinations of biocontrol agents did not improve disease control over the most effective agent alone.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Combinations of BCAse0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- sequentially (48 h apart)e0
- Comparator
- most effective BCA within the combination applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of BCAs, whether applied simultaneously or sequentially (48 h apart), did not improve disease control over the most effective BCA within the combination applied alone”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Most tested biocontrol agent combinations showed significant antagonism.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- antagonisme0
- Qualifier
- most combinations of the three BCAs testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was significant antagonism for most combinations of the three BCAs tested”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonism increased as the interval between agent application and pathogen introduction lengthened.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- time from BCA application to pathogen introductione0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- degree of antagonisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of antagonism increased as the time from BCA application to pathogen introduction lengthened”
t0“Botrytis cinereaon strawberry leaves”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · Botrytis cinerea · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.