Abstract
To determine the capacity of the Lethbridge soil to inactivate paraquat, applications equivalent to a maximum of 3000 kg/ha of paraquat were made in growth chamber and field experiments. In the growth chamber and field, more than 600 and 1000 kg/ha, respectively, of paraquat in one application were required to reduce wheat growth by 10%. Paraquat residue levels in the field soil did not decrease after the first summer. Paraquat residue was not found in wheat grain growing in soil with 1650 kg/ha of paraquat in the 0–15 cm layer, but it was detected in plant leaves. The paraquat associated with plant leaves could have resulted from contamination of the leaves by soil rather than from translocation from roots to leaves. The 500 kg/ha rate of paraquat reduced the cation exchange capacity by 5%; however, further paraquat additions did not cause additional reductions. Paraquat could likely be applied for several hundred years at currently recommended rates for weed control on chemical fallow and not exceed the ability of Canadian Prairie soils to inactivate it. Key words: Paraquat, persistence, availability, inactivation, wheat, soil
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
More than 600 kg/ha paraquat was needed for a 10% wheat growth reduction in the growth chamber.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- paraquat in one applicatione0
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- more than 600 and 1000 kg/ha, respectivelye0
- Setting
- growth chambere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the growth chamber and field, more than 600 and 1000 kg/ha, respectively, of paraquat in one application were required to reduce wheat growth by 10%.”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 1000 kg/ha paraquat was needed for a 10% wheat growth reduction in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- paraquat in one applicatione0
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- 1000 kg/hae0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the growth chamber and field, more than 600 and 1000 kg/ha, respectively, of paraquat in one application were required to reduce wheat growth by 10%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soil paraquat residues did not decrease after the first summer.
- Outcome
- Paraquat residue levelse0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
- Qualifier
- after the first summere0
- Setting
- field soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat residue levels in the field soil did not decrease after the first summer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat residue was absent from wheat grain in soil containing 1650 kg/ha in the upper 15 cm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- 1650 kg/ha of paraquate0
- Outcome
- Paraquat residue was not founde0
- Qualifier
- 0–15 cm layere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat residue was not found in wheat grain growing in soil with 1650 kg/ha of paraquat in the 0–15 cm layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat residue was detected in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- plant leavese0
- Treatment
- 1650 kg/ha of paraquate0
- Outcome
- detected in plant leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat residue was not found in wheat grain growing in soil with 1650 kg/ha of paraquat in the 0–15 cm layer, but it was detected in plant leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf paraquat might reflect soil contamination rather than root-to-leaf translocation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- paraquat associated with plant leavese0
- Qualifier
- contamination of the leaves by soil rather than from translocation from roots to leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The paraquat associated with plant leaves could have resulted from contamination of the leaves by soil rather than from translocation from roots to leaves.”
e1“Paraquat residue was not found in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat at 500 kg/ha reduced soil cation exchange capacity by 5%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 500 kg/ha rate of paraquat reduced the cation exchange capacity by 5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional paraquat did not further reduce cation exchange capacity.
- Treatment
- further paraquat additionse0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacitye0
- Direction
- did not cause additional reductionse0
- Comparator
- 500 kg/ha rate of paraquate0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The 500 kg/ha rate of paraquat reduced the cation exchange capacity by 5%; however, further paraquat additions did not cause additional reductions.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest recommended paraquat rates could remain within soil inactivation capacity for centuries.
- Outcome
- applied for several hundred years at currently recommended rates for weed control on chemical fallowe0
- Qualifier
- could likelye0
- Setting
- Canadian Prairie soilse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat could likely be applied for several hundred years at currently recommended rates for weed control on chemical fallow and not exceed the ability of Canadian Prairie soils to inactivate it.”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
paraquat · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.