Abstract
Inadequate seed Ca concentrations are associated with reduced seed quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Standard germination and sugar leakage tests were conducted to determine the effect of seed Ca content and exogenous Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ on seed quality and seed leakage. Soybean seeds containing different Ca levels were germinated in rolled towels that had been soaked in distilled water, 0.01 M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , or 0.01 M Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Sugar leakage was measured by soaking seed containing 1.10, 1.72 or 2.36 mg g −1 Ca in distilled water, 0.01 M Ca (NO 3 ) 2 , 0.01 M Mg(NO 3 ) 2 or polyethylene glycol (PEG). An aliquot of the bathing solution was analyzed for sugar content after 6, 12 and 24 h of soaking, by using high-performance liquid chromatography. As seed Ca content decreased from 2.36 to 1.10 mg g −1 , germination in distilled water decreased from 87 to 56%. Addition of either Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 to the medium resulted in increased germination of low-Ca seed, but Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was more effective in improving germination of low-Ca seed than Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Total sugar leakage was significantly greater in low-Ca seed than in high-Ca seed. Bathing solutions of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 significantly decreased sugar leakage, compared with distilled water or PEG. These results suggest that the role of Ca in seed germination may involve membrane stabilization. They also indicate that the addition of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 to the germination medium may improve germination of Ca-deficient seed. Key words: Soybean, germination, calcium, magnesium, sugar leakage, membrane integrity
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean germination in distilled water fell from 87% to 56% as seed calcium declined from 2.36 to 1.10 mg g −1.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Compound
- seed Ca contente0
- Outcome
- germination in distilled watere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 87 to 56%e0
- Qualifier
- 2.36 to 1.10 mg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As seed Ca content decreased from 2.36 to 1.10 mg g −1 , germination in distilled water decreased from 87 to 56%.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate medium increased germination of low-calcium soybean seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- low-Ca seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of either Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 to the medium resulted in increased germination of low-Ca seed”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium nitrate medium increased germination of low-calcium soybean seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mg(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- low-Ca seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of either Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 to the medium resulted in increased germination of low-Ca seed”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate improved germination of low-calcium soybean seed more than magnesium nitrate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- germination of low-Ca seede0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- Mg(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca(NO 3 ) 2 was more effective in improving germination of low-Ca seed than Mg(NO 3 ) 2”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-calcium soybean seed leaked significantly more sugar than high-calcium seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- low-Ca seede0
- Outcome
- Total sugar leakagee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- high-Ca seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total sugar leakage was significantly greater in low-Ca seed than in high-Ca seed.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate bathing solution significantly decreased soybean seed sugar leakage relative to distilled water or PEG.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- sugar leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- distilled water or PEGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bathing solutions of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 significantly decreased sugar leakage, compared with distilled water or PEG.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium nitrate bathing solution significantly decreased soybean seed sugar leakage relative to distilled water or PEG.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mg(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- sugar leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- distilled water or PEGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bathing solutions of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 or Mg(NO 3 ) 2 significantly decreased sugar leakage, compared with distilled water or PEG.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that calcium may aid soybean seed germination through membrane stabilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- membrane stabilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the role of Ca in seed germination may involve membrane stabilization”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.