Abstract
Abstract The extended flowering period of many apple ( Malus domestica ) cultivars often causes problems in the management of crop load. Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex ® ) was examined over a 2‐year period for its effect on flowering, crop load, fruit size, and quality of ‘Fuji’ apple. In Year 1, hydrogen cyanamide was applied at 5 application times (40, 30, 20, 10, or 0 days before estimated budburst (dBEB)) at 3% v/v. These treatments were compared with an untreated control. In Year 2, hydrogen cyanamide was applied at 1%, 2%, or 3% v/v at either 40 or 30 dBEB. The blossom thinner ethephon was applied to all hydrogen cyanamide treated trees at full bloom. An untreated control, a hand‐thinned treatment, and a chemically thinned control were also included. Hydrogen cyanamide advanced flowering in both years when applied at 40 or 30 dBEB. In Year 1, full bloom was advanced by more than 1 week and the flowering period from pink bud to full bloom compressed by the 40 dBEB application, resulting in a very clearly defined full bloom date. Application of hydrogen cyanamide at budburst or 10 dBEB resulted in extended flower development and some bud scorching. Unseasonally warm spring weather conditions in the second year resulted in an abnormally short flowering period. It would appear that under these conditions hydrogen cyanamide can still be used to advance flowering but is not necessary to compress the flowering period. Hydrogen cyanamide reduced fruit set in the first year but not the second. Most treatments showed no detrimental effect on fruit quality. There was no evidence of any negative interactions between HCN and ethephon.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide at 40 or 30 dBEB advanced flowering in both years.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- Hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Qualifier
- in both years when applied at 40 or 30 dBEBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen cyanamide advanced flowering in both years when applied at 40 or 30 dBEB”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 dBEB application advanced full bloom by more than one week in year one.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- 40 dBEB applicatione0
- Outcome
- full bloome0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- more than 1 weeke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Year 1, full bloom was advanced by more than 1 week and the flowering period from pink bud to full bloom compressed by the 40 dBEB application”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 dBEB application compressed the pink bud to full bloom period in year one.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- 40 dBEB applicatione0
- Outcome
- flowering period from pink bud to full bloome0
- Direction
- compressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering period from pink bud to full bloom compressed by the 40 dBEB application”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Application at budburst or 10 dBEB extended flower development.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamide at budburst or 10 dBEBe0
- Outcome
- flower developmente0
- Direction
- extendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of hydrogen cyanamide at budburst or 10 dBEB resulted in extended flower development and some bud scorching”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Application at budburst or 10 dBEB caused some bud scorching.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e1
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamide at budburst or 10 dBEBe0
- Outcome
- bud scorchinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of hydrogen cyanamide at budburst or 10 dBEB resulted in extended flower development and some bud scorching”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
In warm spring conditions, hydrogen cyanamide could still advance flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Material
- ‘Fuji’e2
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- advancee0
- Qualifier
- Unseasonally warm spring weather conditions in the second yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under these conditions hydrogen cyanamide can still be used to advance flowering”
e1“Unseasonally warm spring weather conditions in the second year”
e2“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Under warm spring conditions, hydrogen cyanamide was judged unnecessary for compressing flowering.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- hydrogen cyanamidee3
- Outcome
- compress the flowering periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is not necessary to compress the flowering period”
e1“Unseasonally warm spring weather conditions in the second year”
e2“‘Fuji’ apple”
e3“hydrogen cyanamide can still be used to advance flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide reduced fruit set in year one.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen cyanamide reduced fruit set in the first year but not the second”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen cyanamide did not reduce fruit set in year two.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Hydrogen cyanamidee0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Qualifier
- the seconde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen cyanamide reduced fruit set in the first year but not the second”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Most treatments showed no detrimental fruit quality effect.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Most treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- no detrimental effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most treatments showed no detrimental effect on fruit quality”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
No negative interaction between hydrogen cyanamide and ethephon was detected.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- negative interactions between HCN and ethephone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of any negative interactions between HCN and ethephon”
e1“‘Fuji’ apple”
The same questions in other papers
cyanamide · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →cyanamide · phenology · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.