Abstract
A study was conducted in a split-plot design to evaluate the effect of fertilizer placement method on weed growth and grain yield in a dry-seeded rice (DSR) system. Main-plot treatments were four fertilizer placement methods: between narrow rows (between 15-cm-wide rows of the pattern 25-15-25 cm), between uniform rows (between 20-cm-wide rows), within uniform rows, and surface broadcast. Subplot treatments were three weed control methods: herbicide-treated, nontreated, and weed-free. Weed biomass was greater in the nontreated plots than in the herbicide-treated plots. Herbicide application reduced weed biomass by 89% to 99% compared with the nontreated control. Fertilizer placement did not influence weed biomass in the herbicide-treated plots; however, it greatly influenced biomass in the nontreated plots. Fertilizer placement on the surface increased weed biomass (69 -71 g·m–2) compared with the placement of fertilizer below the soil surface (37 -57 g·m–2). Fertilizer placement did not influence weed density and biomass at 60 days after planting. Nontreated plots yielded 700 to 2080 kg·ha–1. Grain yield was similar between the herbicide-treated (2660-3250 kg·ha–1) and weed-free (2620-3430 kg·ha–1) plots. Grain yield was not influenced when basal fertilizer was banded within (2390-2500 kg·ha–1) or between rows (2530-2650 kg·ha–1). However, grain yield decreased when basal fertilizer was broadcast on the soil surface (2200 kg·ha–1). The results of our study demonstrated that rice yield was usually lower with surface broadcast of fertilizer than with subsurface fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, surface broadcast of basal fertilizer may result in high weed pressure in DSR systems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nontreated plots had greater weed biomass than herbicide-treated plots.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- nontreated plotse0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- herbicide-treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed biomass was greater in the nontreated plots than in the herbicide-treated plots”
e1“rice (DSR)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide reduced weed biomass by 89% to 99%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Herbicide applicatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89% to 99%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide application reduced weed biomass by 89% to 99% compared with the nontreated control”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer placement did not influence weed biomass in herbicide-treated plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer placemente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Qualifier
- herbicide-treated plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer placement did not influence weed biomass in the herbicide-treated plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer placement greatly influenced weed biomass in nontreated plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer placemente1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Qualifier
- nontreated plotse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it greatly influenced biomass in the nontreated plots”
e1“Fertilizer placement did not influence weed biomass in the herbicide-treated plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface fertilizer increased weed biomass versus below-surface placement.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer placement on the surfacee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69 -71 g·m–2e0
- Qualifier
- 37 -57 g·m–2e0
- Comparator
- placement of fertilizer below the soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer placement on the surface increased weed biomass (69 -71 g·m–2) compared with the placement of fertilizer below the soil surface (37 -57 g·m–2)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer placement did not affect weed density at 60 days.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer placemente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer placement did not influence weed density and biomass at 60 days after planting”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer placement did not affect weed biomass at 60 days.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer placemente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer placement did not influence weed density and biomass at 60 days after planting”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nontreated plots yielded 700 to 2080 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nontreated plotse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Value
- 700 to 2080 kg·ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nontreated plots yielded 700 to 2080 kg·ha–1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was similar between herbicide-treated and weed-free plots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide-treatede0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 2660-3250 kg·ha–1e0
- Qualifier
- 2620-3430 kg·ha–1e0
- Comparator
- weed-freee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was similar between the herbicide-treated (2660-3250 kg·ha–1) and weed-free (2620-3430 kg·ha–1) plots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded basal fertilizer within rows did not influence grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- basal fertilizer was banded withine0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- not influencede0
- Value
- 2390-2500 kg·ha–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not influenced when basal fertilizer was banded within (2390-2500 kg·ha–1) or between rows (2530-2650 kg·ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Banded basal fertilizer between rows did not influence grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- between rowse0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- not influencede0
- Value
- 2530-2650 kg·ha–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not influenced when basal fertilizer was banded within (2390-2500 kg·ha–1) or between rows (2530-2650 kg·ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast basal fertilizer decreased grain yield to 2200 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- basal fertilizer was broadcast on the soil surfacee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2200 kg·ha–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield decreased when basal fertilizer was broadcast on the soil surface (2200 kg·ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice yield was usually lower with surface broadcast than subsurface fertilizer.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- surface broadcast of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- subsurface fertilizer treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice yield was usually lower with surface broadcast of fertilizer than with subsurface fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that surface broadcast basal fertilizer may produce high weed pressure.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- surface broadcast of basal fertilizere0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- high weed pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“surface broadcast of basal fertilizer may result in high weed pressure in DSR systems”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
64 papers more in this group
See all 68 papers →herbicide · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
578 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
599 papers more in this group
See all 603 papers →fertilization · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
88 papers in the same direction as this paper · 670 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
755 papers more in this group
See all 759 papers →herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
76 papers in the same direction as this paper · 725 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
798 papers more in this group
See all 802 papers →transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
155 papers in the same direction as this paper · 922 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,074 papers more in this group
See all 1,078 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
271 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3,183 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.