Abstract
Abstract A field study was conducted with Acacia karroo plants to determine changes in relative photosynthetic rates, the extent of carbohydrate reserve depletion and the rate reserves take to recover, following defoliation by goats at different intensities and phenophases, at a "wet" and a "dry" site. The rate of photosynthesis of fully expanded leaves increased markedly following defoliation. Light defoliation increased photosynthetic rate the most. Total non‐structural carbohydrate levels dropped significantly after defoliation. The magnitude of decrease was directly related to the intensity of defoliation. Following the heavy defoliations, recovery of carbohydrate levels was much faster than after the light defoliations. Rates of recovery were also faster following defoliation in the second half of the growing season, than in the first half. However, the plants that had been heavily defoliated in the second half of the growing season had not fully recovered carbohydrate levels before leaf fall in late autumn. Moisture stress had very little effect on carbohydrate levels in comparison with the defoliation treatments. Uittreksel 'n Veldstudie is op Acacia karroo plante uitgevoer om verskille in relatiewe fotosintetiese tempo, die mate van koolhidraat‐reserwe vermindering en die tempo van herstel, na ontblaring teen verskillende intensiteite enfenofases, op 'n "nat" en 'n "droë" terrein, te bepaal. Na ontblaring, het die Fotosintese‐tempo van volwasse blare, opvallend verhoog. Ligte ontblaring het die fotosintesetempo die meeste verhoog. Die totale nie‐strukturele koolhidraat‐vlakke het opvallend gedaal na ontblaring. Die grootte van dating is direk eweredig aan die intensiteit van ontblaring. Herstel van koolhidraatvlakke na strawwe ontblaring was baie vinniger as na ligte ontblaring. Die tempo van herstel van koolhi‐draatreserwes na ontblaring in die tweede helfte van die groeiseisoen was vinniger as gedurende die eerste helfte. Die koolhidraat‐reserwes van plante wat gedurende die tweede helfte van die groeiseisoen straf ontblaar is, het gedurende die daaropvolgende laat herfs nog nie volkome herstel nie. In vergelyking met die ontblaringsbehandetings, het vogstremming 'n minimale invloed op die koolhidraatvlakke gehad.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation increased photosynthesis of fully expanded Acacia leaves markedly.
- Taxon
- Acacia karroo
Vachellia karrooe0 - Organ / stage
- fully expanded leavese1
- Treatment
- defoliatione1
- Interactor
- goats
Capra hircuse2herbivore - Outcome
- rate of photosynthesise1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“The rate of photosynthesis of fully expanded leaves increased markedly following defoliation.”
e2“following defoliation by goats at different intensities”
Claim · model-written summary
Light defoliation produced the greatest rise in photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- Light defoliatione2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- different intensitiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats at different intensities”
e2“Light defoliation increased photosynthetic rate the most.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nonstructural carbohydrate levels fell significantly after defoliation.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- defoliatione2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- Total non‐structural carbohydrate levelse2
- Direction
- droppede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats”
e2“Total non‐structural carbohydrate levels dropped significantly after defoliation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater defoliation intensity was associated with greater carbohydrate depletion.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- intensity of defoliatione2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- magnitude of decreasee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats at different intensities”
e2“The magnitude of decrease was directly related to the intensity of defoliation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate levels recovered faster after heavy than light defoliation.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- heavy defoliationse2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- recovery of carbohydrate levelse2
- Direction
- much fastere2
- Comparator
- light defoliationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats”
e2“Following the heavy defoliations, recovery of carbohydrate levels was much faster than after the light defoliations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate recovery was faster after second-half than first-half growing-season defoliation.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- defoliation in the second half of the growing seasone2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- Rates of recoverye2
- Direction
- fastere2
- Comparator
- the first halfe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats”
e2“Rates of recovery were also faster following defoliation in the second half of the growing season, than in the first half.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acacia heavily defoliated in the second half of the growing season had not fully recovered carbohydrate levels by late-autumn leaf fall.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- heavily defoliated in the second half of the growing seasone2
- Interactor
- goatsCapra hircuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- had not fully recovered carbohydrate levelse2
- Qualifier
- before leaf fall in late autumne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“following defoliation by goats”
e2“the plants that had been heavily defoliated in the second half of the growing season had not fully recovered carbohydrate levels before leaf fall in late autumn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture stress affected carbohydrate levels much less than defoliation.
- Taxon
- Acacia karrooVachellia karrooe0
- Treatment
- Moisture stresse1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate levelse1
- Direction
- very little effecte1
- Comparator
- defoliation treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acacia karroo plants”
e1“Moisture stress had very little effect on carbohydrate levels in comparison with the defoliation treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · Capra hircus · Vachellia karrooResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.