Abstract
Abstract Managing straw residue in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)‐soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double‐cropping systems can be a problem, and many management systems are currently being used. Type of tillage used is, to some extent, determined by the straw management practice. In this study, five tillage‐straw management practices were studied on Brooksville silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Aquic Chromudert) for 4 years. Only 3 years' data are reported, however, since all treatments failed 1 year because of extreme drought. Objectives were to determine effects of tillage‐straw management practices on (a) stand establishment, growth and yield of double‐cropped soybeans, (b) surface soil organic matter content, and to (c) compare costs and net returns of the wheat‐soybean systems and the monoculture soybeans. In 1 of 3 years when rain did not soon follow planting, preparing the soil by disking, whether the straw was burned or not, resulted in reduced germination and growth. During 1 year, germination was adversely affected when the straw was shredded and left on the soil surface. Yields were highest and most consistent when soybeans were no‐till seeded into the burned stubble, but these yields did not differ from systems where straw was burned followed by conventional tillage or where straw was shredded followed by no‐till planting. The average soybean yield was 29% less for the best double‐crop practice than for monoculture soybeans (1,370 kg/ha vs. 1,927 kg/ha). Wheat yields averaged 3,384 kg/ha and were not affected by the tillage‐straw management practices. Excluding a year in which all double‐crop systems failed, all double‐crop systems except where the wheat straw was incorporated in land preparation gave greater economic returns than monocrop soybeans. The double‐crop system in which straw was burned followed by no‐till seeding and cultivation, gave the greatest average net return.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Preparing the soil by disking reduced soybean germination and growth in a dry year when rain did not soon follow planting.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- preparing the soil by diskinge1
- Outcome
- germination and growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- In 1 of 3 years when rain did not soon follow plantinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“In 1 of 3 years when rain did not soon follow planting, preparing the soil by disking, whether the straw was burned or not, resulted in reduced germination and growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Shredding the straw and leaving it on the soil surface adversely affected soybean germination in one year.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- the straw was shredded and left on the soil surfacee1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- adversely affectede1
- Qualifier
- During 1 yeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“During 1 year, germination was adversely affected when the straw was shredded and left on the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till seeding of soybeans into burned stubble gave the highest and most consistent yields.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- no‐till seeded into the burned stubblee1
- Outcome
- Yieldse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- most consistente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Yields were highest and most consistent when soybeans were no‐till seeded into the burned stubble, but these yields did not differ from systems where straw was burned followed by conventional tillage or where straw was shredded followed by no‐till planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields after no-till seeding into burned stubble did not differ from burned straw followed by conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- no‐till seeded into the burned stubblee1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Comparator
- straw was burned followed by conventional tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Yields were highest and most consistent when soybeans were no‐till seeded into the burned stubble, but these yields did not differ from systems where straw was burned followed by conventional tillage or where straw was shredded followed by no‐till planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields after no-till seeding into burned stubble did not differ from shredded straw followed by no-till planting.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- no‐till seeded into the burned stubblee1
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Comparator
- straw was shredded followed by no‐till plantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Yields were highest and most consistent when soybeans were no‐till seeded into the burned stubble, but these yields did not differ from systems where straw was burned followed by conventional tillage or where straw was shredded followed by no‐till planting”
Claim · model-written summary
The average soybean yield in the best double-crop practice was 29% lower than in monoculture soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- best double‐crop practicee1
- Outcome
- average soybean yielde1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 29%e1
- Qualifier
- 1,370 kg/ha vs. 1,927 kg/hae1
- Comparator
- monoculture soybeanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“The average soybean yield was 29% less for the best double‐crop practice than for monoculture soybeans (1,370 kg/ha vs. 1,927 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield averaged 3,384 kg/ha in the double-cropping systems.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Outcome
- Wheat yieldse1
- Value
- 3,384 kg/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Wheat yields averaged 3,384 kg/ha and were not affected by the tillage‐straw management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yields were not affected by the tillage-straw management practices.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- tillage‐straw management practicese1
- Outcome
- Wheat yieldse1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Wheat yields averaged 3,384 kg/ha and were not affected by the tillage‐straw management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Excluding a failed year, most double-crop systems gave greater economic returns than monocrop soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- double‐crop systems except where the wheat straw was incorporated in land preparatione1
- Outcome
- economic returnse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- Excluding a year in which all double‐crop systems failede1
- Comparator
- monocrop soybeanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“Excluding a year in which all double‐crop systems failed, all double‐crop systems except where the wheat straw was incorporated in land preparation gave greater economic returns than monocrop soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning the straw followed by no-till seeding and cultivation gave the greatest average net return among double-crop systems.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- straw was burned followed by no‐till seeding and cultivatione1
- Outcome
- average net returne1
- Direction
- greateste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean‐Wheat Double‐Cropping”
e1“The double‐crop system in which straw was burned followed by no‐till seeding and cultivation, gave the greatest average net return”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →fire · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →cultivation system · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 71 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
386 papers more in this group
See all 390 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
297 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,116 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.