Abstract
In field tests we have observed year-to-year differences in the severity of the effects of soil compaction on nodulation and growth of common bean; these differences appeared to be related to the amount of rainfall during the growing season. We decided to use better controlled conditions in the greenhouse, and extend the scope of the study to another legume crop and a different soil type, in order to investigate the hypothesis that copious water supply alleviates the adverse effects of soil compaction on nodulation and plant growth.The effects of two levels of soil compaction and of high and low water supply on the growth and nodulation of common bean and soybean were investigated in separate pot tests using a Fox sandy loam and a Brookston clay loam soil.Root growth of both species was severely restricted by dry compacted conditions. Plant growth as a whole was clearly reduced by both increased compaction and by reduced water supply, presumably mediated by the effects on root growth. The effect of reduced water supply was more severe in the highly compacted pots, and more severe in the clay loam than in the sandy loam.In the sandy loam, low moisture reduced nodule numbers and weights in both species, while increased bulk density reduced the numbers of nodules but not the dry weights. In the clay loam, nodule weights and numbers were very low, presumably, owing to high levels of nitrate, which may have resulted from mineralization of soil organic matter during storage.A generous supply of water obviously alleviated some of the adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growth. This is in general agreement with results of earlier field trials, where severity of the effects of soil compaction varied with the quantity of rainfall. Key words: Soybean, common bean, soil compaction, soil moisture, nodulation, bulk density
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dry compacted conditions severely restricted root growth of both species.
- Taxon
- soybean and common bean
Glycine max
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- dry compacted conditionse0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of both species was severely restricted by dry compacted conditions.”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased compaction reduced whole-plant growth.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increased compactione0
- Outcome
- Plant growth as a wholee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth as a whole was clearly reduced by both increased compaction and by reduced water supply”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced water supply reduced whole-plant growth.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- reduced water supplye0
- Outcome
- Plant growth as a wholee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth as a whole was clearly reduced by both increased compaction and by reduced water supply”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-water effects were more severe in highly compacted pots.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- effect of reduced water supplye0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Setting
- highly compacted potse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of reduced water supply was more severe in the highly compacted pots”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-water effects were more severe in clay loam than sandy loam.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- more severee0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- sandy loame0
- Setting
- clay loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more severe in the clay loam than in the sandy loam”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low moisture reduced nodule numbers in sandy loam for both species.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- low moisturee0
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- sandy loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the sandy loam, low moisture reduced nodule numbers and weights in both species”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low moisture reduced nodule weights in sandy loam for both species.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- low moisturee0
- Outcome
- weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- sandy loame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the sandy loam, low moisture reduced nodule numbers and weights in both species”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased bulk density reduced nodule numbers in sandy loam.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increased bulk densitye0
- Outcome
- numbers of nodulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased bulk density reduced the numbers of nodules but not the dry weights”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased bulk density did not reduce nodule dry weights.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increased bulk densitye0
- Outcome
- dry weightse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased bulk density reduced the numbers of nodules but not the dry weights”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Clay-loam nodule weights and numbers were very low.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- nodule weights and numberse0
- Direction
- very lowe0
- Setting
- clay loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the clay loam, nodule weights and numbers were very low”
t0“soybean and common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Generous water supply alleviated adverse compaction effects on growth.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- generous supply of watere0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A generous supply of water obviously alleviated some of the adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growth.”
t0“soybean and common bean”
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