Abstract
Abstract Drought stress can reduce the yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in the middle and lower Mississippi River Valley. A 3‐yr field study on Sharkey clay (very‐fine, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) determined the effects of four soil water levels and two row spacings on the growth and yield of cultivars Forrest (MG V), Centennial (MG VI), and Braxton (MG VII). Irrigation was applied in the four treatments when (i) soil water matrix potential ( Ψ s) at both the 15 and 30 cm depths reached −70 J kg −1 (I1), (ii) Ψ s at all depths between 15 and 76 cm reached −70 J kg −1 (I2), (iii) the same as in I1, but only after the R1‐R2 growth stage, and (iv) there was no irrigation (NI). Soybean was planted at interrow spacings (RS) of 0.5 and 1.0 m. Irrigation significantly increased yield of each cultivar at each RS in each year, but there were no yield differences among I1, I2, and I3 regimes at either RS. Average NI yields were 2.86,3.20 and 2.97 Mg ha −1 in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively. Yield increase from irrigation was 10,8, and 16% in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively. Irrigated yields of Forrest, Centennial, and Braxton were 3.47, 3.17, and 3.40 Mg ha −1 , respectively, but water use efficiency was greatest with Forrest. Irrigation prior to R2 increased lodging up to 100%, and up to 50% when irrigated after R2. Severe lodging may have reduced irrigated yields. Relative yield increase from irrigation was limited by adequate rainfall and soil water storage, which resulted in high NI yields. The most efficient water regime was one based on an early maturing cultivar and γ s measured at a depth of 76 cm.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased yield of each soybean cultivar at each row spacing in each year.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation significantly increased yield of each cultivar at each RS in each year”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no yield differences among the I1, I2 and I3 irrigation regimes at either row spacing.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- I1, I2, and I3 regimese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no yield differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no yield differences among I1, I2, and I3 regimes at either RS”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield without irrigation was 2.86 Mg/ha in 1982.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- NI yieldse0
- Value
- 2.86e0
- Qualifier
- 1982e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average NI yields were 2.86,3.20 and 2.97 Mg ha −1 in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield without irrigation was 3.20 Mg/ha in 1983.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- NI yieldse0
- Value
- 3.20e0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average NI yields were 2.86,3.20 and 2.97 Mg ha −1 in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Average yield without irrigation was 2.97 Mg/ha in 1984.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- NI yieldse0
- Value
- 2.97e0
- Qualifier
- 1984e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average NI yields were 2.86,3.20 and 2.97 Mg ha −1 in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase from irrigation was 10% in 1982.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Yield increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- 1982e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increase from irrigation was 10,8, and 16% in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase from irrigation was 8% in 1983.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Yield increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8e0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increase from irrigation was 10,8, and 16% in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increase from irrigation was 16% in 1984.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Yield increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- 1984e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increase from irrigation was 10,8, and 16% in 1982, 1983, and 1984, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated yield of cultivar Forrest was 3.47 Mg/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Forreste0
- Outcome
- Irrigated yieldse0
- Value
- 3.47e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigated yields of Forrest, Centennial, and Braxton were 3.47, 3.17, and 3.40 Mg ha −1 , respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated yield of cultivar Centennial was 3.17 Mg/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Centenniale0
- Outcome
- Irrigated yieldse0
- Value
- 3.17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigated yields of Forrest, Centennial, and Braxton were 3.47, 3.17, and 3.40 Mg ha −1 , respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated yield of cultivar Braxton was 3.40 Mg/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Braxtone0
- Outcome
- Irrigated yieldse0
- Value
- 3.40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigated yields of Forrest, Centennial, and Braxton were 3.47, 3.17, and 3.40 Mg ha −1 , respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was greatest with cultivar Forrest.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Forreste0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency was greatest with Forrest”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation prior to R2 increased lodging by up to 100%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Irrigation prior to R2e0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation prior to R2 increased lodging up to 100%, and up to 50% when irrigated after R2”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation after R2 increased lodging by up to 50%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigated after R2e0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation prior to R2 increased lodging up to 100%, and up to 50% when irrigated after R2”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe lodging may have reduced irrigated yields.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- irrigated yieldse0
- Qualifier
- Severe lodginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe lodging may have reduced irrigated yields”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative yield increase from irrigation was limited by adequate rainfall and soil water storage, which gave high yields without irrigation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Relative yield increase from irrigatione0
- Qualifier
- adequate rainfall and soil water storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative yield increase from irrigation was limited by adequate rainfall and soil water storage, which resulted in high NI yields”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The most efficient water regime was one based on an early maturing cultivar.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- most efficient water regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most efficient water regime was one based on an early maturing cultivar”
t0“Soybean”
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