Abstract
The effect of different light intensities on the growth of soy beans was studied by growing four different varieties under six different light intensities, averaging 4285, 1536, 560, 390, 250, and 26 foot-candles respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The lower the light intensity, the more rapid was the rate of stem elongation during the initial period of growth. 2. The greatest general height was attained by plants under a light intensity averaging 560 foot-candles, and the lowest under an average intensity of 26 foot-candles. 3. The thickness of the stems was directly proportional to the light intensity, being greatest under 4285 foot-candles and least under 26 foot-candles. 4. In general all of the plants were unusually long stemmed. Those receiving the greatest amount of light were the most vigorous, produced the best leaves and color, and the best fruit. There was a gradual decrease in vigor, etc., with decreasing light intensity. Plants grown under 26 foot-candles were completely etiolated and died within three to four weeks. 5. Twining occurred in all plants under light intensities between 250 and 1536 foot-candles, but not under 4285 foot-candles nor under 26 foot-candles. Soy beans apparently have a latent factor for twining which is associated with stem length and thickness. Thick stems require a greater length for twining than thin ones, but in no case did twining occur in a stem less than 35 cm. high. 6. The curves of growth in length of all plants except those in the darkest compartment followed the general curve of a monomolecular autocatalytic reaction. The autokinetic phase of the curves appeared to be associated with the initiation and development of independence in the seedling brought about by the ascendency of photosynthesis, while the falling off in rate during the latter part of the autostatic phase was caused by the development of flowering and fruiting.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Lower light intensity increased initial stem elongation rate.
- Taxon
- soy beans
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- steme0
- Treatment
- light intensitye0
- Outcome
- rate of stem elongatione0
- Direction
- more rapide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“The lower the light intensity, the more rapid was the rate of stem elongation during the initial period of growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greatest height occurred at 560 foot-candles.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 560 foot-candlese0
- Outcome
- general heighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“The greatest general height was attained by plants under a light intensity averaging 560 foot-candles”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest height occurred at 26 foot-candles.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 26 foot-candlese0
- Outcome
- loweste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“the lowest under an average intensity of 26 foot-candles”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem thickness increased with light intensity.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- light intensitye0
- Outcome
- thickness of the stemse0
- Direction
- directly proportionale0
- Qualifier
- greatest under 4285 foot-candles and least under 26 foot-candlese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“The thickness of the stems was directly proportional to the light intensity, being greatest under 4285 foot-candles and least under 26 foot-candles.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants were unusually long stemmed.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- unusually long stemmede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“In general all of the plants were unusually long stemmed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest light level produced the most vigorous plants and best leaves, color and fruit; vigor declined at lower light.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- greatest amount of lighte0
- Outcome
- most vigorouse0
- Direction
- gradual decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“Those receiving the greatest amount of light were the most vigorous, produced the best leaves and color, and the best fruit. There was a gradual decrease in vigor, etc., with decreasing light intensity.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 26 foot-candles plants became etiolated and died within three to four weeks.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 26 foot-candlese0
- Outcome
- completely etiolated and diede0
- Qualifier
- within three to four weekse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“Plants grown under 26 foot-candles were completely etiolated and died within three to four weeks.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twining occurred at 250 to 1536 foot-candles.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- light intensities between 250 and 1536 foot-candlese0
- Outcome
- Twining occurrede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“Twining occurred in all plants under light intensities between 250 and 1536 foot-candles”
Claim · model-written summary
Twining did not occur at 4285 or 26 foot-candles.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- not under 4285 foot-candles nor under 26 foot-candlese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“but not under 4285 foot-candles nor under 26 foot-candles.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twining was associated with stem length and thickness; thick stems required more length, and none twined below 35 cm.
- Taxon
- Soy beansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- twininge0
- Qualifier
- less than 35 cm. highe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“Soy beans apparently have a latent factor for twining which is associated with stem length and thickness. Thick stems require a greater length for twining than thin ones, but in no case did twining occur in a stem less than 35 cm. high.”
Claim · model-written summary
Length-growth curves followed a monomolecular autocatalytic curve except in the darkest compartment.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- curves of growth in lengthe0
- Qualifier
- except those in the darkest compartmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“The curves of growth in length of all plants except those in the darkest compartment followed the general curve of a monomolecular autocatalytic reaction.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors linked the autokinetic phase to seedling independence through photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- initiation and development of independence in the seedlinge0
- Qualifier
- ascendency of photosynthesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“The autokinetic phase of the curves appeared to be associated with the initiation and development of independence in the seedling brought about by the ascendency of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the late rate decline to flowering and fruiting.
- Taxon
- soy beansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- falling off in ratee0
- Direction
- falling offe0
- Qualifier
- development of flowering and fruitinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soy beans”
e0“the falling off in rate during the latter part of the autostatic phase was caused by the development of flowering and fruiting”