Abstract
Abstract To determine if ethephon ((2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid) would reduce lodging while maintaining or increasing harvestable yield, the influence of timing and rate of ethephon application on harvestable yield, yield components, lodging, and grain quality of corn ( Zea mays L.) was studied in 1985 and 1986. Ethephon was applied at rates of 0, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 kg ha −1 at tassel elongation (TE), 6 d after tassel elongation (TE+6), and at ear elongation (EE), to Pioneer hybrids P3475, P3377, and P3183 grown in the field near Mead, NE. Application of ethephon reduced lodging of corn plants. Ethephon application of 0.56 kg ha −1 at the EE stage reduced lodging of P3377 and P3183 from 30 to 9%. This rate resulted in production of 52 fewer kernels per ear, and 7 to 17 mg lighter kernel weight, while increasing the number of harvestable ears by 0.2 to 0.6 ears m −2 . Increasing the rate of ethephon resulted in a linear decrease in harvestable grain yield, except when applied at the EE stage in 1986, when ethephon application had no influence. In this case, increasing the rate of ethephon resulted in an increased number of harvestable ears per square meter, which compensated for reductions in the number of kernels per ear and kernel weight. Application of 0.56 kg ha −1 ethephon at TE in 1986, TE+6 in both years, and EE in 1985 resulted in approximately 1 Mg ha −1 reduction in harvestable grain yield. Ethephon application had small but significant influence on the protein content, kernel density, and kernel breakage susceptibility of grain produced. Application of ethephon is effective in reducing lodging of corn plants. However, ethephon never increased and usually reduced harvestable grain yields. Based on these results, there is little incentive for producers to consider application of ethephon to corn grown under conditions similar to those in this study.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced lodging of corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of ethephon reduced lodging of corn plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At ear elongation, 0.56 kg ha −1 ethephon reduced lodging in P3377 and P3183 from 30 to 9%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- P3377 and P3183e0
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30 to 9%e0
- Qualifier
- EE stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon application of 0.56 kg ha −1 at the EE stage reduced lodging of P3377 and P3183 from 30 to 9%”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
This ethephon rate produced 52 fewer kernels per ear.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1e1
- Outcome
- kernels per eare0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 52 fewer kernels per eare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This rate resulted in production of 52 fewer kernels per ear”
e1“Ethephon application of 0.56 kg ha −1 at the EE stage”
e2“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
This ethephon rate reduced kernel weight by 7 to 17 mg.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1e1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Value
- 7 to 17 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7 to 17 mg lighter kernel weight”
e1“Ethephon application of 0.56 kg ha −1 at the EE stage”
e2“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
This ethephon rate increased harvestable ears by 0.2 to 0.6 ears m −2.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1e1
- Outcome
- number of harvestable earse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 0.2 to 0.6 ears m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the number of harvestable ears by 0.2 to 0.6 ears m −2”
e1“Ethephon application of 0.56 kg ha −1 at the EE stage”
e2“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing ethephon rate linearly decreased harvestable grain yield except at ear elongation in 1986.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Increasing the rate of ethephone0
- Outcome
- harvestable grain yielde0
- Direction
- linear decreasee0
- Qualifier
- except when applied at the EE stage in 1986e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the rate of ethephon resulted in a linear decrease in harvestable grain yield, except when applied at the EE stage in 1986, when ethephon application had no influence”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At ear elongation in 1986, ethephon had no influence on grain yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- ethephon applicatione0
- Outcome
- harvestable grain yielde1
- Direction
- no influencee0
- Qualifier
- EE stage in 1986e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when applied at the EE stage in 1986, when ethephon application had no influence”
e1“linear decrease in harvestable grain yield”
e2“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At ear elongation in 1986, increasing ethephon rate increased harvestable ears per square meter.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of ethephone0
- Outcome
- number of harvestable ears per square metere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- EE stage in 1986e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the rate of ethephon resulted in an increased number of harvestable ears per square meter”
e1“when applied at the EE stage in 1986”
e2“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Specified 0.56 kg ha −1 ethephon timings reduced harvestable grain yield by about 1 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1 ethephone0
- Outcome
- harvestable grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- approximately 1 Mg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- TE in 1986, TE+6 in both years, and EE in 1985e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 0.56 kg ha −1 ethephon at TE in 1986, TE+6 in both years, and EE in 1985 resulted in approximately 1 Mg ha −1 reduction in harvestable grain yield”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly affected grain protein content, kernel density, and breakage susceptibility, with small effects.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein content, kernel density, and kernel breakage susceptibilitye0
- Qualifier
- smalle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon application had small but significant influence on the protein content, kernel density, and kernel breakage susceptibility of grain produced”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found little incentive to apply ethephon to corn under similar conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- little incentive for producers to consider application of ethephone0
- Qualifier
- conditions similar to those in this studye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is little incentive for producers to consider application of ethephon to corn grown under conditions similar to those in this study”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 28 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.