Abstract
In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) enhance nutrient and water status and may increase root resistance to soilborne pathogens. However, the fungicides that are routinely applied to the seed may reduce AM colonization, reducing these benefits. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the effect of three commonly used seed‐applied fungicides on AM colonization of soybean in Iowa. Soybean seeds were treated with the fungicides mefenoxam, fludioxonil, mefenoxam + fludioxonil, and a nontreated control. Soil fumigation with a mixture of 1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin was used as a tool to measure any direct effect of the fungicide on plant growth or yield parameters. There was a significant fumigation by seed treatment interaction in 2005. Seed‐applied fungicides that contained fludioxonil favored AM colonization in nonfumigated soil, where fludioxonil‐treated plants had double the root colonization of the control (6 vs. 2.8%, respectively) and five times more root colonization than plants treated with mefenoxam (6 vs. 1.1%, respectively). In the fumigated soil, plants treated with mefenoxam alone or in combination with fludioxonil had lower colonization than the control and fludioxonil‐treated plants. Fumigation did not significantly reduce or increase mycorrhizal colonization across locations. No differences in grain yield, final stand, or grain composition were found among seed‐applied fungicides or between nonfumigated and fumigated soil. With the exception of mefenoxam in fumigated soil in 2005, there was no evidence of a reduction in mycorrhizal colonization of soybean roots with seed‐applied fungicides under field conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation and seed treatment interacted significantly in 2005.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- fumigatione0
- Outcome
- fumigation by seed treatment interactione0
- Qualifier
- 2005e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant fumigation by seed treatment interaction in 2005”
e1“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fludioxonil treated plants had double the root colonization of controls in nonfumigated soil.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- fludioxonile0
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Value
- 6 vs. 2.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- nonfumigated soile1
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fludioxonil‐treated plants had double the root colonization of the control (6 vs. 2.8%, respectively)”
e1“in nonfumigated soil”
e2“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fludioxonil treated plants had five times more root colonization than mefenoxam treated plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- fludioxonile1
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6 vs. 1.1%e0
- Comparator
- plants treated with mefenoxame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five times more root colonization than plants treated with mefenoxam (6 vs. 1.1%, respectively)”
e1“fludioxonil‐treated plants had double the root colonization”
e2“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
In fumigated soil, mefenoxam alone or with fludioxonil lowered colonization relative to control and fludioxonil treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mefenoxam alone or in combination with fludioxonile0
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the control and fludioxonil‐treated plantse0
- Setting
- fumigated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fumigated soil, plants treated with mefenoxam alone or in combination with fludioxonil had lower colonization than the control and fludioxonil‐treated plants”
e1“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation did not significantly change mycorrhizal colonization across locations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Fumigatione0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- did not significantly reduce or increasee0
- Qualifier
- across locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation did not significantly reduce or increase mycorrhizal colonization across locations”
e1“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed fungicides did not differ in grain yield, final stand or grain composition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- seed‐applied fungicidese0
- Outcome
- grain yield, final stand, or grain compositione0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- seed‐applied fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in grain yield, final stand, or grain composition were found among seed‐applied fungicides”
e1“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigated and nonfumigated soils did not differ in grain yield, final stand or grain composition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- fumigated soile0
- Outcome
- grain yield, final stand, or grain compositione0
- Direction
- No differencese0
- Comparator
- nonfumigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in grain yield, final stand, or grain composition were found among seed‐applied fungicides or between nonfumigated and fumigated soil”
e1“In soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · quality: general · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →solarization · quality: general · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
solarization · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.