Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ’Essex’) plants, 21–24 days old, were exposed to 400 μg/m 3 (0.20 μL/L) ozone (O 3 ) and 1865 μg/m 3 (0.70 μL/L) sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in various combinations. Fumigation was administered for 2 h either as single pollutants (O 3 and SO 2 ), simultaneously (O 3 + SO 2 ), or in overlapping pollutant combinations (O 3 for 1 h followed by O 3 + SO 2 or SO 2 for 1 h followed by SO 2 + O 3 ). Carbon dioxide exchange rates (CER) of trifoliolate leaves were measured during the fumigations, and stomatal resistance to H 2 O was determined immediately before and after pollutant exposure. At the end of a 2-h exposure, O 3 and SO 2 , administered separately, did not significantly affect CER. Exposure to O 3 followed by O 3 + SO 2 , SO 2 followed by SO 2 + O 3 , and continuous O 3 + SO 2 significantly reduced CER to 62, 41 and 33% of preexposure rates, respectively. Stomatal resistance was not significantly altered by pollutant fumigation except in the simultaneous application of O 3 + SO 2 where an 11% decrease occurred. Reductions in CER in response to fumigation were not attributed to changes in stomatal resistance, but appeared to result from changes in mesophyll resistance. A proposed mechanism for pollutant-induced reduction in CER is discussed.Key words: Air pollution, net photosynthesis, pollutant mixtures
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone alone did not significantly affect soybean carbon dioxide exchange rate after two hours.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- O 3e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of a 2-h exposure, O 3 and SO 2 , administered separately, did not significantly affect CER”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur dioxide alone did not significantly affect soybean carbon dioxide exchange rate after two hours.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SO 2e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of a 2-h exposure, O 3 and SO 2 , administered separately, did not significantly affect CER”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone followed by combined fumigation reduced CER to 62% of preexposure rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O 3 followed by O 3 + SO 2e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62e0
- Comparator
- preexposure ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to O 3 followed by O 3 + SO 2 , SO 2 followed by SO 2 + O 3 , and continuous O 3 + SO 2 significantly reduced CER to 62, 41 and 33% of preexposure rates, respectively”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur dioxide followed by combined fumigation reduced CER to 41% of preexposure rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- SO 2 followed by SO 2 + O 3e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41e0
- Comparator
- preexposure ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to O 3 followed by O 3 + SO 2 , SO 2 followed by SO 2 + O 3 , and continuous O 3 + SO 2 significantly reduced CER to 62, 41 and 33% of preexposure rates, respectively”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous combined fumigation reduced CER to 33% of preexposure rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- continuous O 3 + SO 2e0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- preexposure ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to O 3 followed by O 3 + SO 2 , SO 2 followed by SO 2 + O 3 , and continuous O 3 + SO 2 significantly reduced CER to 62, 41 and 33% of preexposure rates, respectively”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Most pollutant fumigation did not significantly alter stomatal resistance.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pollutant fumigatione0
- Outcome
- Stomatal resistancee0
- Direction
- not significantly alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal resistance was not significantly altered by pollutant fumigation except in the simultaneous application of O 3 + SO 2 where an 11% decrease occurred”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous ozone and sulfur dioxide decreased stomatal resistance by 11%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of O 3 + SO 2e0
- Outcome
- Stomatal resistancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal resistance was not significantly altered by pollutant fumigation except in the simultaneous application of O 3 + SO 2 where an 11% decrease occurred”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
CER reductions were attributed to mesophyll resistance rather than stomatal resistance.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Reductions in CERe0
- Qualifier
- changes in mesophyll resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in CER in response to fumigation were not attributed to changes in stomatal resistance, but appeared to result from changes in mesophyll resistance”
t0“SOYBEAN”
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