Abstract
A comparative proteomic approach has been adopted in combination with physiological and biochemical analysis of tomato leaves responding to waterlogging stress. Waterlogging resulted in increases of relative ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and in vivo H2O2 content, whereas the chlorophyll content was decreased. Histocytochemical investigations with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine to localize H2O2 and Evans blue to detect dead cells suggested that oxidative stress has a significant role to leaf senescence. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the most abundant leaf protein, was successfully reduced from the samples by a fractionation method based on 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Elimination of Rubisco was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. To elucidate the temporal changes of the protein patterns in tomato leaves, the total soluble and the PEG-fractionated proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and visualized by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. A total of 52 protein spots were differentially expressed, wherein 33 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry or electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analysis. The identified proteins are involved in several processes, i.e. photosynthesis, disease resistance, stress and defense mechanisms, energy and metabolism and protein biosynthesis. Results from 2-DE analysis, combined with immunoblotting clearly showed that the fragments of Rubisco large subunit were significantly degraded. This could result from a higher production of reactive oxygen species in leaves under waterlogging stress. Furthermore, four differentially accumulated proteins were analyzed at the mRNA level, confirming the differential gene expression levels and revealing that transcription levels are not always concomitant to the translation level. A number of novel proteins were differentially expressed or appeared only in the PEG-fractionated protein samples, indicating that PEG fractionation system can be used as a versatile protein fractionation technique in proteomic analysis to identify novel or low-abundant proteins from all kinds of plant species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging increased relative ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and in vivo H2O2 content in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- relative ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and in vivo H2O2 contente1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“Waterlogging resulted in increases of relative ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and in vivo H2O2 content”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging decreased chlorophyll content in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“Waterlogging resulted in increases of relative ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and in vivo H2O2 content, whereas the chlorophyll content was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Histocytochemical results suggested that oxidative stress has a significant role in leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee1
- Qualifier
- oxidative stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“oxidative stress has a significant role to leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG fractionation reduced Rubisco, the most abundant leaf protein, in the samples.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)e1
- Outcome
- Rubiscoe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“Rubisco), the most abundant leaf protein, was successfully reduced from the samples by a fractionation method based on 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG)”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 52 protein spots were differentially expressed, of which 33 were identified by mass spectrometry.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- protein spots were differentially expressede1
- Value
- 52 protein spotse1
- Qualifier
- 33 spots were identifiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“A total of 52 protein spots were differentially expressed, wherein 33 spots were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Identified proteins were involved in photosynthesis, disease resistance, stress and defense, energy and metabolism and protein biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- identified proteinse1
- Qualifier
- photosynthesis, disease resistance, stress and defense mechanisms, energy and metabolism and protein biosynthesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“The identified proteins are involved in several processes, i.e. photosynthesis, disease resistance, stress and defense mechanisms, energy and metabolism and protein biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fragments of the Rubisco large subunit were significantly degraded under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fragments of Rubisco large subunite1
- Direction
- degradede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“the fragments of Rubisco large subunit were significantly degraded”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubisco large subunit degradation could result from higher reactive oxygen species production in leaves under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- waterlogging stresse1
- Compound
- reactive oxygen speciese1
- Outcome
- fragments of Rubisco large subunite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“This could result from a higher production of reactive oxygen species in leaves under waterlogging stress”
e2“the fragments of Rubisco large subunit were significantly degraded”
Claim · model-written summary
mRNA analysis of four differentially accumulated proteins confirmed differential gene expression and showed that transcription levels are not always concomitant with translation levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- transcription levels are not always concomitant to the translation levele1
- Value
- four differentially accumulated proteinse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“four differentially accumulated proteins were analyzed at the mRNA level, confirming the differential gene expression levels and revealing that transcription levels are not always concomitant to the translation level”
Claim · model-written summary
Novel proteins were differentially expressed or appeared only in the PEG-fractionated protein samples.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- novel proteins were differentially expressed or appeared onlye1
- Qualifier
- PEG-fractionated protein samplese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“A number of novel proteins were differentially expressed or appeared only in the PEG-fractionated protein samples”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.