Abstract
Abstract An adequate water supply is the major factor limiting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield throughout the world. Increasing the rooting volume for water extraction by eliminating chemical and physical barriers is an important strategy for drought avoidance. Aluminum-toxic soils reduce crop root growth and subsequent water uptake, and may affect grain yield. These experiments evaluated the effects of aluminum tolerance, tillage, and row spacing on soybean grain yield, root growth patterns, canopy temperature, and leaf gas exchange under water-limited conditions on a soil which had a tillage pan and which had high soil aluminum at depths >15 cm. During the three-year experiment, deep tillage did not affect grain yields. In 76-cm rows, a breeding line selected for aluminum-tolerance in hydroponics (R93-5455) had greater yields than an aluminum-sensitive cultivar (Hutcheson) under severe drought-stress conditions. In 19-cm rows, yield was similar for both cultivars and greater than yields in 76-cm rows. R93-5455 grown in 76-cm rows had significantly higher root counts in the upper-most 15 cm of soil compared with Hutcheson. It was concluded that the advantage of R93-5455 in 76-cm rows was due to greater rooting density and soil-water extraction in the upper soil horizons compared with Hutcheson. The low rooting density of Hutcheson in wide rows was compensated by narrowing row spacing and increasing population density. *This paper is published with the approval of the director of the Arkansas Agricultural Experimental Station (manuscript number 01074). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board is gratefully acknowledged for their financial support. We wish to thank the staff at the Pine Tree experiment station for their help in completing this work and to Andy King for excellent technical support. Notes *This paper is published with the approval of the director of the Arkansas Agricultural Experimental Station (manuscript number 01074).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage did not affect soybean grain yield over three years.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- deep tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the three-year experiment, deep tillage did not affect grain yields.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
R93-5455 yielded more than Hutcheson in 76-cm rows under severe drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- R93-5455e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- under severe drought-stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- Hutchesone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 76-cm rows, a breeding line selected for aluminum-tolerance in hydroponics (R93-5455) had greater yields than an aluminum-sensitive cultivar (Hutcheson) under severe drought-stress conditions.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The two cultivars had similar yield in 19-cm rows.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- both cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 19-cm rows, yield was similar for both cultivars and greater than yields in 76-cm rows.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield in 19-cm rows exceeded yield in 76-cm rows.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 19-cm rowse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 76-cm rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 19-cm rows, yield was similar for both cultivars and greater than yields in 76-cm rows.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
R93-5455 had higher upper-soil root counts than Hutcheson in 76-cm rows.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- R93-5455e0
- Outcome
- root countse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- upper-most 15 cm of soile0
- Comparator
- Hutchesone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R93-5455 grown in 76-cm rows had significantly higher root counts in the upper-most 15 cm of soil compared with Hutcheson.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the yield advantage of R93-5455 in wide rows to denser roots and greater upper-soil water extraction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- R93-5455e0
- Outcome
- advantagee0
- Qualifier
- greater rooting density and soil-water extraction in the upper soil horizonse0
- Comparator
- Hutchesone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was concluded that the advantage of R93-5455 in 76-cm rows was due to greater rooting density and soil-water extraction in the upper soil horizons compared with Hutcheson.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrower spacing and increased population density compensated for low rooting density of Hutcheson in wide rows.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Hutchesone0
- Treatment
- narrowing row spacing and increasing population densitye0
- Outcome
- low rooting densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low rooting density of Hutcheson in wide rows was compensated by narrowing row spacing and increasing population density.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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