Abstract
Abstract Two protein hydrolyzate–based fertilizers (PHFs), one from alfalfa (AH) and one from meat flour (MFH), were studied chemically and biologically. AH and MFH revealed a different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid composition. The biostimulant activity was investigated using two specific and sensitive bioassays of auxins and gibberellins. Extracts of AH and MFH elicited a gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like one. To improve our understanding of the biostimulant activity, AH and MFH were supplied to maize plants and their effect on growth and nitrate metabolism was studied. Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture. Besides, the treatments increased nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, suggesting a positive role of the two hydrolyzates in the induction of nitrate conversion into organic nitrogen. Moreover, treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves. The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia. The high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoforms indicate a stimulatory effect of the two PHFs on the assimilation of nitrate. In addition, a role of amino acids and small peptides of the two PHFs is suggested in the regulation of the hormone‐like activity and nitrogen pathway.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa and meat flour hydrolyzates differed in degree of hydrolysis and amino acid composition.
- Outcome
- different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid compositione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AH and MFH revealed a different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid composition.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of both hydrolyzates showed gibberellin-like and weak auxin-like activity.
- Outcome
- gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of AH and MFH elicited a gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like one.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both hydrolyzates increased root and leaf growth in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both hydrolyzates changed maize root architecture.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrolyzate treatments increased nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities.
- Treatment
- the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatments increased nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrolyzate treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
GS2 amounted to five to seven times the level of GS1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret GS2 as superior for ammonia assimilation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High NR and GS activities and GS isoform induction indicate stimulated nitrate assimilation by the two hydrolyzates.
- Treatment
- two PHFse0
- Outcome
- assimilation of nitratee0
- Qualifier
- high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoformse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoforms indicate a stimulatory effect of the two PHFs on the assimilation of nitrate.”
t0“maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest hydrolyzate amino acids and small peptides regulate hormone-like activity and the nitrogen pathway.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a role of amino acids and small peptides of the two PHFs is suggested in the regulation of the hormone‐like activity and nitrogen pathway.”
t0“maize seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1,195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 149 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
1,361 papers more in this group
See all 1,365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.