Abstract
1. Influences of deep plowing on growth and yield of several vegetable crops and effects of subsoil condition which counteracts the favorable effect of deep plowing were investigated on vegetable crops comparing with some cereals and forage crops, in order to know their adaptability to the cropping systems under deep plowing.2. The studies were performed in the field of volcanic ash soil. The crops investigated were tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, Chinese cabbage, Welsh onion, Japanese radish, taro, sweet potato, soybean, upland rice, corn, and barnyard millet.3. It was recognized that deep plowing had an favorable effect on growth and yield of most vegetable crops and it was more effective with heavy application of fertilizers. The raw subsoil was unfaborable to growth and yield of cereals and forage crops, but most vegetable crops with heavy fertilization were not so sensitive to the inhibition caused by subsoil. Moreover, most vegetable crops showed excellent growth and yield on the subsoil which was improved by exposing to frost action in winter and by heavy application of fertilizers.4. In pot-cultur the growth of most vegetable crops was inhibited in the poor subsoil, but it was vigorus in the fertile subsoil with heavy fertilization. Some of them showed rather better growth in subsoil than in topsoil with the same amout of fertilizers.5. It was made clear that the crops which gained high yields under deep plowimg were not so affected by poor nutritive condition of subsoil and the yields of vegetable crops did not decrease remarkably in the raw subsoil when it was heavily fertilized.6. Moreover, it was suggested that the sensitiveness for Al toxity and deficiency of nutritive elements, especially of phosphorous, was concerned with the adaptability of crops for subsoil conditions.7. After all, it was concluded that most of vegetable crops showed a good result under deep plowimg because their roots developed well and the absorption of nutrients became active in response to good soil aeration after deep plowing, and also unfavorable conditions of raw subsoil could be overcome by the heavy application of fertilizers. It was also made clear that they were adapted to the cropping systems under deep plowing.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Deep plowing favored growth and yield of most vegetable crops.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“deep plowing had an favorable effect on growth and yield of most vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fertilizer application made deep plowing more effective.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropst0
- Treatment
- heavy application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“it was more effective with heavy application of fertilizers”
t0“vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Raw subsoil was unfavorable to cereal and forage crop growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cereals and forage cropse0
- Treatment
- raw subsoile0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- unfaborablee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The raw subsoil was unfaborable to growth and yield of cereals and forage crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Most heavily fertilized vegetable crops were relatively insensitive to subsoil inhibition.
Verbatim
e0“most vegetable crops with heavy fertilization were not so sensitive to the inhibition caused by subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Frost-exposed, heavily fertilized subsoil supported excellent vegetable growth and yield.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropse0
- Treatment
- exposing to frost action in winter and by heavy application of fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“most vegetable crops showed excellent growth and yield on the subsoil which was improved by exposing to frost action in winter and by heavy application of fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor subsoil inhibited growth of most vegetables in pots.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In pot-cultur the growth of most vegetable crops was inhibited in the poor subsoil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertile subsoil with heavy fertilizer supported vigorous growth of most vegetables in pots.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropst0
- Treatment
- fertile subsoil with heavy fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- vigoruse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“but it was vigorus in the fertile subsoil with heavy fertilization”
e1“the growth of most vegetable crops was inhibited in the poor subsoil”
t0“vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Some crops grew better in subsoil than topsoil with the same fertilizer amount.
Verbatim
e0“Some of them showed rather better growth in subsoil than in topsoil with the same amout of fertilizers”
t0“vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
High yielding crops under deep plowing were less affected by poor subsoil nutrition.
Verbatim
e0“the crops which gained high yields under deep plowimg were not so affected by poor nutritive condition of subsoil”
t0“vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fertilization prevented a marked vegetable yield decrease in raw subsoil.
- Taxon
- vegetable cropse0
- Treatment
- heavily fertilizede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not decrease remarkablye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the yields of vegetable crops did not decrease remarkably in the raw subsoil when it was heavily fertilized”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity to aluminum toxicity and nutrient deficiency was suggested to relate to subsoil adaptation.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the sensitiveness for Al toxity and deficiency of nutritive elements, especially of phosphorous, was concerned with the adaptability of crops for subsoil conditions”
t0“vegetable crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Good soil aeration after deep plowing was linked to root development and active nutrient uptake.
Verbatim
e0“their roots developed well and the absorption of nutrients became active in response to good soil aeration after deep plowing”
t0“vegetable crops”