Abstract
Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985 despite the increasing use of hybrids and fertilizers. On‐farm experiments at 21 sites were conducted to evaluate a new approach for site‐specific nutrient management (SSNM). Field‐ and season‐specific N–P–K applications were calculated by accounting for the indigenous nutrient supply, yield targets, and nutrient demand as a function of the interactions between N, P, and K. Nitrogen applications were fine‐tuned based on season‐specific rules and field‐specific monitoring of crop N status. The performance of SSNM was tested for four successive rice crops. Compared with the current farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yield increased from 5.9 to 6.4 Mg ha −1 while plant N, P, and K uptake increased by 8 to 14%. The gross return over fertilizer cost was about 10% greater with SSNM than with FFP. Yields were about 20% greater in late rice (hybrid cultivars) than in early rice (inbred cultivars), but SSNM performed equally better than FFP in both seasons. Improved timing and splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.18 kg kg −1 in FFP plots to 0.29 kg kg −1 in SSNM plots. The agronomic N use efficiency (grain yield increase per kilogram fertilizer applied) was 80% greater with SSNM than with FFP. As defined in our study, SSNM has potential for improving yields and nutrient efficiency in irrigated rice. Future research needs to develop a practical approach for achieving similar benefits across large areas without field‐specific modeling and with minimum crop monitoring.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM increased average grain yield over farmers fertilizer practice, from 5.9 to 6.4 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- SSNMe2
- Outcome
- average grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.9 to 6.4 Mg ha −1e1
- Comparator
- current farmers' fertilizer practicee1
- Setting
- Zhejiang, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e1“Compared with the current farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yield increased from 5.9 to 6.4 Mg ha −1”
e2“The performance of SSNM was tested for four successive rice crops”
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM increased plant N, P and K uptake by 8 to 14% over farmers fertilizer practice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe2
- Outcome
- plant N, P, and K uptakee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 8 to 14%e3
- Comparator
- current farmers' fertilizer practicee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e1“Compared with the current farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP)”
e3“plant N, P, and K uptake increased by 8 to 14%”
e2“The performance of SSNM was tested for four successive rice crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The gross return over fertilizer cost was about 10% greater with SSNM than with FFP.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe4
- Outcome
- gross return over fertilizer coste4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Value
- 10%e4
- Comparator
- FFPe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e4“The gross return over fertilizer cost was about 10% greater with SSNM than with FFP”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields were about 20% greater in late rice with hybrid cultivars than in early rice with inbred cultivars.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Material
- hybrid cultivarse5
- Outcome
- Yieldse5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Value
- 20%e5
- Comparator
- early rice (inbred cultivars)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e5“Yields were about 20% greater in late rice (hybrid cultivars) than in early rice (inbred cultivars)”
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM performed equally better than FFP in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe6
- Outcome
- performed equally bettere6
- Direction
- equally bettere6
- Comparator
- FFPe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e6“but SSNM performed equally better than FFP in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved timing and splitting of fertilizer N raised N recovery efficiency from 0.18 to 0.29 kg kg −1 with SSNM.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Improved timing and splitting of fertilizer Ne7
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 0.29 kg kg −1e7
- Qualifier
- from 0.18 kg kg −1e7
- Comparator
- FFP plotse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e7“Improved timing and splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.18 kg kg −1 in FFP plots to 0.29 kg kg −1 in SSNM plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic N use efficiency was 80% greater with SSNM than with FFP.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe1
- Outcome
- agronomic N use efficiencye1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 80%e1
- Qualifier
- grain yield increase per kilogram fertilizer appliede1
- Comparator
- FFPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Zhejiang, China have slowed since 1985”
e1“The agronomic N use efficiency (grain yield increase per kilogram fertilizer applied) was 80% greater with SSNM than with FFP”
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM has potential for improving yields and nutrient efficiency in irrigated rice.
- Taxon
- irrigated riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- yields and nutrient efficiencye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“As defined in our study, SSNM has potential for improving yields and nutrient efficiency in irrigated rice”
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