Abstract
Use of herbicides in certain situations may not always be appropriate for controlling weeds because of cost or improper crop stage. Crops produced without the use of herbicides require alternative weed-control methods. A 12-yr study was conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, under weed-free conditions to determine the tolerance of spring wheat and barley, with or without ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed, to post-emergence harrowing. Barley and spring wheat harrowed with diamond-toothed harrows as it was emerging, at the 1.5-leaf stage, or at the 2.5-leaf stage in the absence of weeds produced yields similar to those from a non-harrowed check when averaged across years and fertilizer treatments. Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed significantly increased yields of both barley and spring wheat (averaged across years and harrowing treatments) but did not alter the tolerance of barley and spring wheat to post-emergent harrowing. This implies that a delay between seeding and harrowing due to rain or using a harrowing operation to break a surface crust should not result in yield losses for barley and spring wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., cultural control, organic production phosphorus
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Harrowing at emergence, 1.5 leaves, or 2.5 leaves produced barley yields similar to non-harrowed checks.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- harrowed with diamond-toothed harrowse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of weedse0
- Comparator
- non-harrowed checke0
- Setting
- Indian Head, Saskatchewane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley and spring wheat harrowed with diamond-toothed harrows as it was emerging, at the 1.5-leaf stage, or at the 2.5-leaf stage in the absence of weeds produced yields similar to those from a non-harrowed check when averaged across years and fertilizer treatments”
e1“Indian Head, Saskatchewan”
Claim · model-written summary
Harrowing at emergence, 1.5 leaves, or 2.5 leaves produced spring wheat yields similar to non-harrowed checks.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- harrowed with diamond-toothed harrowse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of weedse0
- Comparator
- non-harrowed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley and spring wheat harrowed with diamond-toothed harrows as it was emerging, at the 1.5-leaf stage, or at the 2.5-leaf stage in the absence of weeds produced yields similar to those from a non-harrowed check when averaged across years and fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed ammonium phosphate significantly increased barley yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed significantly increased yields of both barley and spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed ammonium phosphate significantly increased spring wheat yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed significantly increased yields of both barley and spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed ammonium phosphate did not alter barley tolerance to harrowing.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede1
- Outcome
- tolerance of barley and spring wheat to post-emergent harrowinge0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not alter the tolerance of barley and spring wheat to post-emergent harrowing”
e1“Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-placed ammonium phosphate did not alter spring wheat tolerance to harrowing.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seede1
- Outcome
- tolerance of barley and spring wheat to post-emergent harrowinge0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not alter the tolerance of barley and spring wheat to post-emergent harrowing”
e1“Ammonium phosphate fertilizer placed with the seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that delayed harrowing after rain or crust breaking should not cause yield losses for barley and spring wheat.
- Taxon
- barley and spring wheatHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- a delay between seeding and harrowing due to rain or using a harrowing operation to break a surface crust should not result in yield lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a delay between seeding and harrowing due to rain or using a harrowing operation to break a surface crust should not result in yield losses for barley and spring wheat”
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