Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of sulfur (S) on yield and yield components of maize crop grown on silt loam soils at the Agriculture Research Station Baffa, district Mansehra. The soil contained 1.17% organic matter, 10% CaCO3, and 39 mg SO4‐S kg−1. Sulfur was applied at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha−1 as gypsum along with 120 kg N, 90 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O ha−1 replicated thrice in RCB design. Soil samples at silking and harvesting stage from each treatment plot along with leaf samples were collected for the determination of S. Yield and yield components of maize were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced with the application of S compared with control. Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively. Application of S above 60 kg S ha−1 reduced yield and yield components, suggesting a classical yield response curve. The analysis of soil samples at silking and harvesting stage from each treatment plot revealed that soil SO4‐S concentration increased significantly by S application reaching the level of 108.4 and 99.7 mg kg−1, respectively, with 120 kg S ha−1. Sulfur concentration of leaves was significantly increased with the application of S compared with the control. Application of sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced leaf S concentrations of 0.46%, which is less than the critical level of 0.5%, whereas higher treatments increased S concentration ranging from 0.67 to 0.94%, which exceeded the value considered as high (0.5%) and excessive (0.8%). Elevated tissue sulfate concentrations induced by treatments greater than 60 kg ha−1 corroborate with the corresponding yield decreases of maize. Maize growers of the area may add S up to 60 kg ha−1 to obtain maximum yield. Keywords: Sulfurmaizeyieldsulfur critical levelssoilplants Acknowledgments We thank Sahibzada Qayyum Ahmad Assistant Botanist Maize for help in field work. We also thank the administration of University of Peshawar for providing financial support.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application significantly increased maize yield and yield components versus control.
- Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- Yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and yield components of maize were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced with the application of S compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize fresh matter increased by 41%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize dry matter increased by 55%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize stover increased by 58%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize 1000‐grain increased by 5%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize total grain increased by 43%%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced highest yield of fresh matter, dry matter, stover, 1000‐grain and total grain, resulting in increases of 41, 55, 58, 5, and 43%, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying more than 60 kg S ha−1 reduced maize yield and yield components.
- Treatment
- S above 60 kg S ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- 60 kg S ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of S above 60 kg S ha−1 reduced yield and yield components”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization significantly increased soil SO4‐S concentration at silking, reaching 108.4 mg kg−1 with 120 kg S ha−1.
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil SO4‐S concentration increased significantly by S application reaching the level of 108.4 and 99.7 mg kg−1, respectively, with 120 kg S ha−1”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization significantly increased soil SO4‐S concentration at harvest, reaching 99.7 mg kg−1 with 120 kg S ha−1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil SO4‐S concentration increased significantly by S application reaching the level of 108.4 and 99.7 mg kg−1, respectively, with 120 kg S ha−1”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application significantly increased maize leaf sulfur concentration versus control.
- Treatment
- application of Se0
- Outcome
- Sulfur concentration of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur concentration of leaves was significantly increased with the application of S compared with the control”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg ha−1 sulfur, maize leaf sulfur concentration was 0.46%, below the 0.5% critical level.
- Treatment
- sulfur at 60 kg ha−1e0
- Outcome
- leaf S concentrationse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 0.46%e0
- Comparator
- critical level of 0.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of sulfur at 60 kg ha−1 produced leaf S concentrations of 0.46%, which is less than the critical level of 0.5%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher sulfur treatments raised maize leaf sulfur concentration to 0.67–0.94%, exceeding high and excessive thresholds.
- Treatment
- higher treatmentse0
- Outcome
- S concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.67 to 0.94%e0
- Qualifier
- exceeded the value considered as high (0.5%) and excessive (0.8%)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher treatments increased S concentration ranging from 0.67 to 0.94%, which exceeded the value considered as high (0.5%) and excessive (0.8%)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated tissue sulfate under sulfur treatments above 60 kg ha−1 corresponded to lower maize yield.
- Treatment
- treatments greater than 60 kg ha−1e0
- Compound
- tissue sulfate concentrationse0
- Outcome
- yield decreasese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated tissue sulfate concentrations induced by treatments greater than 60 kg ha−1 corroborate with the corresponding yield decreases of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise local maize growers to apply up to 60 kg ha−1 sulfur for maximum yield.
- Outcome
- add S up to 60 kg ha−1 to obtain maximum yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize growers of the area may add S up to 60 kg ha−1 to obtain maximum yield”
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See all 82 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.