Abstract
The paper mills in Quebec produce approximately 330 000 Mg of raw de-inking paper sludges (RDS) per year. These residues are rich in cellulose and lignin and may be used as soil conditioner. The effects of RDS on soil chemical properties, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth, nutrient uptake and yields, and their residual effect on a subsequent strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. 'Kent') crop were investigated on a Tilly silt loam (Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol) from 1994 to 1996. Four rates of RDS (0, 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha −1 ) on a wet-weight basis were combined with four rates of supplemental N-mineral fertilizer (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha −1 ) as NH 4 NO 3 The soluble inorganic N content of soil sampled 30 d after treatment application was significantly lower in plots treated with 45 Mg RDS ha −1 at all N rates. However, soluble inorganic N concentrations increased significantly with RDS rate to 20-cm depth in June 1995. The RDS application increased soil water content and Mehlich-3-extractable P, K, and Ca in the first year. Barley yields were reduced by 50% when 45 Mg RDS ha −1 was applied without supplemental N-mineral fertilizer. The amount of N-mineral fertilizer needed to overcome N immobilization resulting from RDS increased with RDS rates. Strawberry yields were not significantly affected by residual RDS or N-mineral fertilizer. Changes in plant tissue metal contents were not significant. The results of this study indicate that RDS application has a positive short-term effect on soil water, P and K availability but reduces plant-available soil N in the growing season after spring application. The RDS may be used effectively as soil amendment if the crop receives adequate supplemental N-mineral fertilizer. Key words: De-inking paper sludge, N immobilization, barley, strawberry
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High RDS lowered soil soluble inorganic nitrogen after 30 days at all nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- 45 Mg RDS ha −1e0
- Outcome
- soluble inorganic N content of soile0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The soluble inorganic N content of soil sampled 30 d after treatment application was significantly lower in plots treated with 45 Mg RDS ha −1 at all N rates.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil soluble inorganic nitrogen increased with RDS rate to 20 cm in June 1995.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- RDS ratee0
- Outcome
- soluble inorganic N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to 20-cm depth in June 1995e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble inorganic N concentrations increased significantly with RDS rate to 20-cm depth in June 1995”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth”
Claim · model-written summary
RDS increased soil water content and extractable P, K and Ca in the first year.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- RDS applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil water content and Mehlich-3-extractable P, K, and Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in the first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDS application increased soil water content and Mehlich-3-extractable P, K, and Ca in the first year.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth”
Claim · model-written summary
At 45 Mg RDS without supplemental mineral nitrogen, barley yield fell by 50%.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 45 Mg RDS ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Barley yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- without supplemental N-mineral fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley yields were reduced by 50% when 45 Mg RDS ha −1 was applied without supplemental N-mineral fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
More mineral nitrogen fertilizer was needed to overcome immobilization as RDS rate rose.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- RDS ratese0
- Outcome
- amount of N-mineral fertilizer needed to overcome N immobilizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N-mineral fertilizer needed to overcome N immobilization resulting from RDS increased with RDS rates.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual RDS and nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly change strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- residual RDS or N-mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Strawberry yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Strawberry yields were not significantly affected by residual RDS or N-mineral fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant tissue metal contents did not change significantly.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- plant tissue metal contentse0
- Direction
- not significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in plant tissue metal contents were not significant.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth, nutrient uptake and yields, and their residual effect on a subsequent strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. 'Kent') crop”
Claim · model-written summary
RDS can be used as a soil amendment when crops receive adequate mineral nitrogen.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- used effectively as soil amendmente0
- Qualifier
- if the crop receives adequate supplemental N-mineral fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RDS may be used effectively as soil amendment if the crop receives adequate supplemental N-mineral fertilizer.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') growth”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 229 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.