Abstract
Twelve field experiments, carried out over 7 years, examined effects of shading and seed tuber spacing on plant growth, initiation and retention of tubers in four cultivars: Estima, Maris Piper, Maris Peer and Record. Ten of the experiments were carried out at Cambridge and two near Valencia, Spain. Other treatments included in some experiments were floating polythene mulch and planting date. Shading by up to 75% did not affect the timing of onset or cessation of tuber initiation in Estima but shading by 50% or more delayed the completion of tuber initiation in Maris Piper compared with less severe shading. Except for intensely shaded treatments (50% or more), the majority of tubers were initiated in a very short period (4–7 days). Shading by 37% or more during the period of tuber initiation and increasing planting density, decreased number of tubers per stem initiated in all experiments, but number of tubers was not affected by shading at other stages of growth. At Cambridge, effects of shading on number of tubers >10 mm retained later in growth from normal planting dates (March to early May) were similar to effects on number of tubers initiated, but effects were much reduced or absent following later plantings at Cambridge and in both experiments in Valencia. The decreased effects of shading on number of tubers >10 mm at late plantings at Cambridge were associated with the initiation of fewer tubers at these plantings. Effects of shading, planting density and planting date on number of tubers were a consequence of changes in the frequency of occurrence and tuberization of different stolon types. Increasing shading and planting density and delaying planting reduced the number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberization but there were no effects on number of primary stolons or their tuberization. Consequently, at Cambridge a similar number of tubers was borne on primary stolons in shaded and unshaded crops. In Valencia a greater proportion of initiated tubers was retained at final harvest from shaded treatments than at Cambridge, which accounts for the absence of effects of shading on number of tubers >10 mm. The greater retention of tubers late in growth in Spain may have been associated with the higher peak growth rates achieved in higher radiation fluxes than at Cambridge. Linear regressions of the data for normal planting dates at Cambridge and from Valencia indicated that the number of tubers >10 mm late in growth was dependent on the radiation environment during the period of tuber initiation. Radiation flux during the brightest period of the first few days of initiation appeared to be the most crucial aspect of radiation affecting number of tubers. As incident radiation can vary greatly over the short period of tuber initiation, it is potentially an important factor affecting number of tubers in field crops.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Shading up to 75% did not change onset or cessation of tuber initiation in Estima.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Material
- Estimae0
- Treatment
- Shading by up to 75%e0
- Outcome
- timing of onset or cessation of tuber initiatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading by up to 75% did not affect the timing of onset or cessation of tuber initiation in Estima”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
At least 50% shading delayed completion of tuber initiation in Maris Piper.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Maris Pipere0
- Treatment
- shading by 50% or moree0
- Outcome
- completion of tuber initiatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- less severe shadinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shading by 50% or more delayed the completion of tuber initiation in Maris Piper compared with less severe shading”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Except under at least 50% shading, most tubers initiated within 4–7 days.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- the majority of tubers were initiatede0
- Value
- 4–7 dayse0
- Qualifier
- Except for intensely shaded treatments (50% or more)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for intensely shaded treatments (50% or more), the majority of tubers were initiated in a very short period (4–7 days).”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading of at least 37% during initiation decreased tubers initiated per stem.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Shading by 37% or more during the period of tuber initiatione0
- Outcome
- number of tubers per stem initiatede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading by 37% or more during the period of tuber initiation and increasing planting density, decreased number of tubers per stem initiated in all experiments”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting density decreased tubers initiated per stem.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- number of tubers per stem initiatede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading by 37% or more during the period of tuber initiation and increasing planting density, decreased number of tubers per stem initiated in all experiments”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading at other growth stages did not affect tuber number.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- shading at other stages of growthe0
- Outcome
- number of tuberse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of tubers was not affected by shading at other stages of growth”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Later Cambridge planting reduced or eliminated shading effects on retained tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- effects were much reduced or absente0
- Qualifier
- following later plantingse0
- Setting
- Cambridgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects were much reduced or absent following later plantings at Cambridge”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia experiments showed much reduced or absent shading effects on retained tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- effects were much reduced or absente0
- Setting
- Valenciae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effects were much reduced or absent following later plantings at Cambridge and in both experiments in Valencia.”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Late Cambridge planting was associated with fewer initiated tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- late plantingse0
- Outcome
- initiation of fewer tuberse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Setting
- Cambridgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decreased effects of shading on number of tubers >10 mm at late plantings at Cambridge were associated with the initiation of fewer tubers at these plantings.”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing shading reduced lateral and branch stolon numbers and their tuberization.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing shadinge0
- Outcome
- number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing shading and planting density and delaying planting reduced the number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberization”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting density reduced lateral and branch stolon numbers and their tuberization.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- planting densitye0
- Outcome
- number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing shading and planting density and delaying planting reduced the number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberization”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying planting reduced lateral and branch stolon numbers and their tuberization.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- delaying plantinge0
- Outcome
- number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing shading and planting density and delaying planting reduced the number of lateral and branch stolons and the frequency of their tuberization”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Primary stolon number and tuberization did not change under those conditions.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- no effects on number of primary stolons or their tuberizatione0
- Direction
- no effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no effects on number of primary stolons or their tuberization.”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambridge crops bore similar numbers of tubers on primary stolons with and without shading.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- shadede0
- Outcome
- number of tuberse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- unshaded cropse0
- Setting
- Cambridgee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at Cambridge a similar number of tubers was borne on primary stolons in shaded and unshaded crops.”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia retained a greater proportion of initiated tubers at harvest than Cambridge.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- proportion of initiated tubers was retainede0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Cambridgee0
- Setting
- Valenciae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Valencia a greater proportion of initiated tubers was retained at final harvest from shaded treatments than at Cambridge”
t0“potato crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Later tuber number depended on radiation during initiation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- radiation environmente0
- Outcome
- number of tubers >10 mm late in growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of tubers >10 mm late in growth was dependent on the radiation environment during the period of tuber initiation.”
t0“potato crops”
The same questions in other papers
shade · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results differ
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See all 44 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.