Abstract
Abstract The effects of chitosan on mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were investigated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% (w/v) chitosan dissolved in 0.5% acetic acid. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was observed in the medium containing only 0.5% acetic acid. Media containing chitosan were less inhibitory, but the highest concentrations of chitosan, at 1.5% and 2.0%, were more inhibitory than the lower concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%). Chitosan treatment (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of mangoes {Mangifera indica) previously inoculated with C. gloeosporioides resulted in a lower rate of disease progression compared with the controls. Chitosan concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% had stimulatory effects on chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase activities. Additionally, chitosan coatings in mangoes delayed ripening and reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, and the loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable acidity. However, the firmness of mangoes treated at concentrations above 1% caused a perceptible decline in sensory quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid alone fully inhibited pathogen growth and germination in medium.
- Taxon
- mango
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Mangifera indicat0 - Treatment
- 0.5% acetic acide0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth and spore germinatione0
- Direction
- Complete inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Complete inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination was observed in the medium containing only 0.5% acetic acid”
t0“mango”
e1“Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan media were less inhibitory than acetic acid alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- less inhibitorye0
- Direction
- less inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- 0.5% acetic acide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Media containing chitosan were less inhibitory”
t0“mango”
e1“medium containing only 0.5% acetic acid”
e2“Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1.5% and 2.0% chitosan media were more inhibitory than lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- chitosan, at 1.5% and 2.0%e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitorye0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- lower concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest concentrations of chitosan, at 1.5% and 2.0%, were more inhibitory than the lower concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%)”
t0“mango”
e1“Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced mango disease progression versus controls.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- Chitosan treatment (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%)e0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- rate of disease progressione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan treatment (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of mangoes {Mangifera indica) previously inoculated with C. gloeosporioides resulted in a lower rate of disease progression compared with the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan at 0.5% and 1.0% stimulated chitinase and glucanase activities.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Chitosan concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%e0
- Outcome
- chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase activitiese0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% had stimulatory effects on chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase activities”
t0“mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan coatings delayed mango ripening.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- chitosan coatingse0
- Outcome
- ripeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan coatings in mangoes delayed ripening and reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, and the loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan coatings reduced respiration rate and ethylene production.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- chitosan coatingse0
- Outcome
- respiration rate, ethylene productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan coatings in mangoes delayed ripening and reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, and the loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan coatings reduced losses of weight, ascorbic acid and titratable acidity.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- chitosan coatingse0
- Outcome
- loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan coatings in mangoes delayed ripening and reduced respiration rate, ethylene production, and the loss of weight, ascorbic acid, and total titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations above 1% reduced mango sensory quality through firmness.
- Taxon
- mangoesMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- concentrations above 1%e0
- Outcome
- sensory qualitye0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- firmnesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the firmness of mangoes treated at concentrations above 1% caused a perceptible decline in sensory quality”
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