Abstract
Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) is a major leaf spot disease. No single control measure is likely to be successful in controlling tan spot and a fully integrated system of disease management is more likely to achieve a long-term solution. Research to improve control efficacy has focused on fungicide improvement, resistant cultivars, the use of biological control agents (BCAs) mixtures and combinatorial approaches involving BCAs and plant resistance stimulants with complementary modes of action. Various biotic and abiotic agents can stimulate wheat defence mechanisms and so benefit resistance to Ptr infection. Among them, Trichoderma spp. have been widely used as antagonistic fungal agents against several pathogens as well as plant growth enhancers. Also, the synthetic agents acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and thiamethoxam (TM) have provided broad-spectrum disease and pest control as well as enhanced plant vigour against several fungal diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two Trichoderma harzianum strains and two substances of synthetic origin (ASM and TM) on the suppression of tan spot and plant growth promotion of wheat plants. When BCAs, ASM and TM were applied to field plots on wheat cultivar Klein Escorpion, the severity of tan spot reduced and plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of shoots and dry weight of roots increased in comparison with the control. When applied prior to Ptr inoculation, ASM, TM and the strain Th1 of T. harzianum caused a reduction in necrotic lesions >50% compared to the control treatment. Seed treatment with TM resulted in a significant enhancement of plant height. Application of ASM significantly increased foliar fresh weight by 45% as compared to the control treatment, whereas foliar fresh weight increased 29% and 50% when TM and T. harzianum strain Th1 were applied as seed coating. Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone or combined with Th1 increased dry weight to >60%, whereas the effects of TM and Th1 on dry mass showed an increase that ranged from 57% to 25%. Plants treated with Th1 and both synthetic compounds achieved up to sixfold increment in root dry weight over the control.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of biological control agents reduced tan spot severity and increased wheat growth traits relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Klein Escorpione0
- Treatment
- BCAse0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen - Outcome
- severity of tan spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- field plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When BCAs, ASM and TM were applied to field plots on wheat cultivar Klein Escorpion, the severity of tan spot reduced and plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of shoots and dry weight of roots increased in comparison with the control.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM reduced tan spot severity relative to control in field plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of tan spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When BCAs, ASM and TM were applied to field plots on wheat cultivar Klein Escorpion, the severity of tan spot reduced and plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of shoots and dry weight of roots increased in comparison with the control.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
TM reduced tan spot severity relative to control in field plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of tan spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When BCAs, ASM and TM were applied to field plots on wheat cultivar Klein Escorpion, the severity of tan spot reduced and plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of shoots and dry weight of roots increased in comparison with the control.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM before Ptr inoculation reduced necrotic lesions by more than 50% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Interactor
- Ptre0pathogen
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- >50%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied prior to Ptr inoculation, ASM, TM and the strain Th1 of T. harzianum caused a reduction in necrotic lesions >50% compared to the control treatment.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
TM before Ptr inoculation reduced necrotic lesions by more than 50% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Interactor
- Ptre0pathogen
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- >50%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied prior to Ptr inoculation, ASM, TM and the strain Th1 of T. harzianum caused a reduction in necrotic lesions >50% compared to the control treatment.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Th1 before Ptr inoculation reduced necrotic lesions by more than 50% relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- strain Th1 of T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- Ptre0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- >50%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied prior to Ptr inoculation, ASM, TM and the strain Th1 of T. harzianum caused a reduction in necrotic lesions >50% compared to the control treatment.”
e1“Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr)”
Claim · model-written summary
TM seed treatment significantly increased wheat plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with TM resulted in a significant enhancement of plant height.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM increased foliar fresh weight by 45% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ASMe0
- Outcome
- foliar fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of ASM significantly increased foliar fresh weight by 45% as compared to the control treatment”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TM seed coating increased foliar fresh weight by 29%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- TMe0
- Outcome
- foliar fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar fresh weight increased 29% and 50% when TM and T. harzianum strain Th1 were applied as seed coating.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Th1 seed coating increased foliar fresh weight by 50%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- T. harzianum strain Th1e0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum strain Th1Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- foliar fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar fresh weight increased 29% and 50% when TM and T. harzianum strain Th1 were applied as seed coating.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM alone increased dry weight by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Acibenzolar-S-methyl alonee0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone or combined with Th1 increased dry weight to >60%”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM combined with Th1 increased dry weight by more than 60%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combined with Th1e0
- Interactor
- Th1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- >60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone or combined with Th1 increased dry weight to >60%”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
e2“T. harzianum strain Th1”
Claim · model-written summary
TM increased dry mass within the reported 57% to 25% range.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of TM and Th1 on dry mass showed an increase that ranged from 57% to 25%.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Th1 increased dry mass within the reported 57% to 25% range.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Th1e0
- Interactor
- Th1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 57% to 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of TM and Th1 on dry mass showed an increase that ranged from 57% to 25%.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Th1 and both synthetic compounds increased root dry weight up to sixfold over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Th1 and both synthetic compoundse0
- Interactor
- Th1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- up to sixfolde0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with Th1 and both synthetic compounds achieved up to sixfold increment in root dry weight over the control.”
e1“plant growth promotion of wheat”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.