Abstract
Abstract Crownvetch ( Coronilla varia L.) has not been widely used for forage, partly because its forage quality has been reported as poor. Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of different environments and clipping schedules on composition and in vitro digestibility of crownvetch stems and leaves. First growth was sampled from flower bud to seedpod growth stage, and regrowth was sampled in July and September. Identical cutting schedules were used at four field locations in West Virginia for 2 years. Also, in growth chambers, controlled day‐night temperature combinations of 16‐2, 16‐10, 16‐18 C; 21‐2, 21‐10, 21‐18 C; and 38‐2, 38‐10, and 38‐18 C were used to determine temperature effects on herbage comosition. Acid detergent fiber and permanganate lignin levels in crownvetch were influenced differently by environment than were their deposition rates. High leaf ADF and lignin levels were attributed to high light intensities within the crownvetch canopy. Stem ADF averaged 18% higher and leaf ADF 36% higher in first regrowth than in second regrowth. Leaf lignin averaged 67%, higher in fist regrowth than in second regrowth. Leaf lignin levels of crownvetch under controlled temperatures and low light intensities were one‐fourth to one‐half of that in field samples. Maturity effects on ADF and lignin levels were significantly greater at the two locations with higher elevations. The ADF and lignin deposition rates in late spring 1970 averaged three times those in 1969 and were associated with higher rainfall. Cutin level of leaves was 65% higher than that of stems, and maximum levels were obtained either at early or full bloom stage. In vitro digestibility of crownvetch stems decreased 0.81 percentage points per day from flower bud to early bloom, and thereafter at lower rates. Digestibility of crownvetch stems and leaves of first regrowth (58, 74%) was lower than that of second regrowth (66, 78%). The ADF and lignin levels of stems, but not of leaves, were largely independent of crop yield and were inversely related to digestibility. Prediction of nutritive value of firstcrop crownvetch is far more difficult than of other commonly used legumes
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Environment influenced ADF and lignin levels differently from their deposition rates.
- Taxon
- crownvetch
Securigera variae0 - Outcome
- Acid detergent fiber and permanganate lignin levelse0
- Direction
- differentlye0
- Setting
- environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acid detergent fiber and permanganate lignin levels in crownvetch were influenced differently by environment than were their deposition rates”
Claim · model-written summary
High canopy light was attributed as a cause of high leaf ADF and lignin.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- ADF and lignin levelse0
- Qualifier
- high light intensities within the crownvetch canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High leaf ADF and lignin levels were attributed to high light intensities within the crownvetch canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
First regrowth stem ADF averaged 18% higher than second regrowth.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- Steme0
- Outcome
- Stem ADFe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- second regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem ADF averaged 18% higher and leaf ADF 36% higher in first regrowth than in second regrowth”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
First regrowth leaf ADF averaged 36% higher than second regrowth.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- leaf ADFe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- second regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem ADF averaged 18% higher and leaf ADF 36% higher in first regrowth than in second regrowth”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
First regrowth leaf lignin averaged 67% higher than second regrowth.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Outcome
- Leaf lignine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 67%e0
- Comparator
- second regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf lignin averaged 67%, higher in fist regrowth than in second regrowth”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled low-light crownvetch leaf lignin was one-fourth to one-half field levels.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Outcome
- Leaf lignin levelse0
- Direction
- one‐fourth to one‐halfe0
- Value
- one‐fourth to one‐halfe0
- Comparator
- field samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf lignin levels of crownvetch under controlled temperatures and low light intensities were one‐fourth to one‐half of that in field samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity effects on ADF and lignin were greater at higher-elevation locations.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Outcome
- ADF and lignin levelse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- two locations with higher elevationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturity effects on ADF and lignin levels were significantly greater at the two locations with higher elevations”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Late spring 1970 ADF and lignin deposition rates averaged three times those in 1969 and were associated with higher rainfall.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Outcome
- ADF and lignin deposition ratese0
- Direction
- three timese0
- Value
- three timese0
- Qualifier
- higher rainfalle0
- Comparator
- 1969e0
- Setting
- late spring 1970e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADF and lignin deposition rates in late spring 1970 averaged three times those in 1969 and were associated with higher rainfall”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutin was 65% higher than stem cutin.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Cutin levele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- stemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cutin level of leaves was 65% higher than that of stems”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cutin peaked at early or full bloom.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- early or full bloom stagee0
- Outcome
- levelse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum levels were obtained either at early or full bloom stage”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem in vitro digestibility declined 0.81 percentage points daily from flower bud to early bloom.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- In vitro digestibilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.81 percentage points per daye0
- Qualifier
- from flower bud to early bloome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro digestibility of crownvetch stems decreased 0.81 percentage points per day from flower bud to early bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem digestibility subsequently declined at lower rates.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- digestibilitye0
- Direction
- lower ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro digestibility of crownvetch stems decreased 0.81 percentage points per day from flower bud to early bloom, and thereafter at lower rates”
Claim · model-written summary
First regrowth stem digestibility was 58%, below second regrowth at 66%.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- Digestibilitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 58e0
- Qualifier
- 66e0
- Comparator
- second regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Digestibility of crownvetch stems and leaves of first regrowth (58, 74%) was lower than that of second regrowth (66, 78%)”
Claim · model-written summary
First regrowth leaf digestibility was 74%, below second regrowth at 78%.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Digestibilitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 74e0
- Qualifier
- 78e0
- Comparator
- second regrowthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Digestibility of crownvetch stems and leaves of first regrowth (58, 74%) was lower than that of second regrowth (66, 78%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem ADF and lignin levels were largely independent of crop yield.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- ADF and lignin levelse0
- Comparator
- crop yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADF and lignin levels of stems, but not of leaves, were largely independent of crop yield and were inversely related to digestibility”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem ADF and lignin were inversely related to digestibility.
- Taxon
- CrownvetchSecurigera variat0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- ADF and lignin levelse0
- Direction
- inversely relatede0
- Comparator
- digestibilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADF and lignin levels of stems, but not of leaves, were largely independent of crop yield and were inversely related to digestibility”
t0“Crownvetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutritive value prediction was more difficult for first-crop crownvetch than for common legumes.
- Taxon
- crownvetchSecurigera variae0
- Outcome
- Prediction of nutritive valuee0
- Direction
- far more difficulte0
- Comparator
- other commonly used legumese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prediction of nutritive value of firstcrop crownvetch is far more difficult than of other commonly used legumes”