Abstract
Abstract Individual and interactive effects of simulated acidic rainfall and mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and nutrient and water relations of loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) and white oak (Quercus albaL.) grown in a loam soil were examined. Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks. Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth but increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine, while both loblolly pine and white oak exposed to these rains exhibited greater foliar injury. Inoculation with P. tinctoriusincreased growth and reduced foliar injury of both species. Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased. Higher rainfall acidity also reduced soil pH and Ca and Mg concentrations while increasing soil AI. Foliage of inoculated seedlings of both species had higher N and P concentrations and lower Al concentrations than control seedlings. Following the final rain applications, a drought cycle was simulated by withholding irrigation for two weeks during which seedling xylem pressure potential and soil water potential were measured. One day after cessation of irrigation, xylem pressure potential of loblolly pine that had received pH 3.6 rains was lower than that of other treatments. Thereafter, xylem pressure potential and soil water potential of the inoculated treatment decreased below those of the control treatment in both species. These results suggest that acid deposition is detrimental to juvenile loblolly pine and white oak, but the magnitude of this effect is less than the positive response to ectomycorrhizal inoculation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth of loblolly pine.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine
Pinus taedae2 - Treatment
- Higher acidity rainfalle2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth but increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine, while both loblolly pine and white oak exposed to these rains exhibited greater foliar injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher acidity rainfall increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine.
- Taxon
- loblolly pinePinus taedae2
- Treatment
- Higher acidity rainfalle2
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth but increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine, while both loblolly pine and white oak exposed to these rains exhibited greater foliar injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acidic rain caused greater foliar injury in loblolly pine and white oak.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taeda
Quercus albae2 - Treatment
- simulated acidic rainfalle0
- Outcome
- foliar injurye2
- Direction
- greatere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual and interactive effects of simulated acidic rainfall and mycorrhizal inoculation on growth and nutrient and water relations of loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) and white oak (Quercus albaL.) grown in a loam soil were examined”
e2“Higher acidity rainfall reduced the growth but increased mycorrhizal colonization of loblolly pine, while both loblolly pine and white oak exposed to these rains exhibited greater foliar injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius increased growth of loblolly pine and white oak compared with uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae1
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. tinctoriuse3
- Interactor
- Pisolithus tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont - Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- uninoculated control seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks”
e3“Inoculation with P. tinctoriusincreased growth and reduced foliar injury of both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius reduced foliar injury in loblolly pine and white oak compared with uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae1
- Treatment
- Inoculation with P. tinctoriuse3
- Interactor
- Pisolithus tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- foliar injurye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- uninoculated control seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks”
e3“Inoculation with P. tinctoriusincreased growth and reduced foliar injury of both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity decreased foliar concentrations of P, S and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae4
- Organ / stage
- Foliare4
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye4
- Outcome
- concentrations of P, S, and Cue4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity decreased foliar Ca in loblolly pine.
- Taxon
- loblolly pinePinus taedae4
- Organ / stage
- Foliare4
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye4
- Outcome
- Cae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity decreased foliar Fe and Zn in white oak.
- Taxon
- white oakQuercus albae4
- Organ / stage
- Foliare4
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye4
- Outcome
- Fe and Zne4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rain acidity increased the Al concentration of loblolly pine and white oak.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae4
- Treatment
- increasing rain aciditye4
- Outcome
- Al concentratione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Foliar concentrations of P, S, and Cu in loblolly pine and white oak, Ca in loblolly pine, and Fe and Zn in white oak decreased with increasing rain acidity while the Al concentration of both species increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rainfall acidity reduced soil pH and soil Ca and Mg concentrations.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Higher rainfall acidity also reduced soil pH and Ca and Mg concentrations while increasing soil AI”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rainfall acidity increased soil Al.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Higher rainfall acidity also reduced soil pH and Ca and Mg concentrations while increasing soil AI”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage of inoculated seedlings had higher N and P concentrations than control seedlings in loblolly pine and white oak.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae1
- Organ / stage
- Foliagee6
- Treatment
- inoculated seedlingse6
- Interactor
- Pisolithus tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- N and P concentrationse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- control seedlingse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks”
e6“Foliage of inoculated seedlings of both species had higher N and P concentrations and lower Al concentrations than control seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage of inoculated seedlings had lower Al concentrations than control seedlings in loblolly pine and white oak.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae1
- Organ / stage
- Foliagee6
- Treatment
- inoculated seedlingse6
- Interactor
- Pisolithus tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- Al concentrationse6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- control seedlingse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks”
e6“Foliage of inoculated seedlings of both species had higher N and P concentrations and lower Al concentrations than control seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PH 3.6 rain reduced xylem pressure potential of loblolly pine after irrigation was withheld, compared with other treatments.
- Taxon
- loblolly pinePinus taedae7
- Treatment
- pH 3.6 rainse7
- Outcome
- xylem pressure potentiale7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“One day after cessation of irrigation, xylem pressure potential of loblolly pine that had received pH 3.6 rains was lower than that of other treatments. Thereafter, xylem pressure potential and soil water potential of the inoculated treatment decreased below those of the control treatment in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated loblolly pine and white oak showed lower xylem pressure potential and soil water potential than controls after irrigation was withheld.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine and white oakPinus taedaQuercus albae1
- Treatment
- inoculated treatmente7
- Outcome
- xylem pressure potential and soil water potentiale7
- Direction
- decreased belowe7
- Comparator
- control treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of each species inoculated with basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker and Couch, a known my-cobiont of both loblolly pine and white oak, and uninoculated control seedlings received two simulated rains per week of either pH 3.6, 4.2, or 4.8 for 26 weeks”
e7“One day after cessation of irrigation, xylem pressure potential of loblolly pine that had received pH 3.6 rains was lower than that of other treatments. Thereafter, xylem pressure potential and soil water potential of the inoculated treatment decreased below those of the control treatment in both species”
The same questions in other papers
Pisolithus tinctorius · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →rainfall · molecular: metabolites · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ph · molecular: metabolites · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ph · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
inoculation · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →rainfall · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →rainfall · nutrient: content · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
ph · nutrient: content · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.