Abstract
Little is known how to optimize N supply of cereal components in an intercropping system that considers biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) from soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A 2‐yr field experiment was conducted to study the compatibility of soybean–cereals intercropping as influenced by varying N levels to intercropped cereals as per recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) for respective cereals. Soybean was grown as the main crop with 100% plant population and cereals were intercropped at 2:1 ratio in additive series (without sacrificing main crop population). While the yield of intercropped maize ( Zea mays L.) significantly increased up to 100% RDN, the yield of intercropped sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] and pearl millet [ Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.] increased only up to 75 and 50% RDN, respectively. The soybean yield reduced by 33.6, 37.9 and 58.3% due to intercropping with maize, sorghum and pearl millet, respectively. The soybean equivalent yield, net return, benefit cost ratio and monetary advantage index were maximum in soybean+maize intercropping provided with 100% RDN to maize. Land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient and intercropping advantage were the greatest with soybean+maize intercropping proving that there was an advantage of intercropping with maize. The aggressivity and competitive ratio were higher for pearl millet and sorghum as compared to maize indicating that pearl millet and sorghum were more competitive to soybean than maize. The study indicated the possibility to reduce N fertilizer requirement by 25 and 50% in case of sorghum and pearl millet as intercrop with soybean, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped maize yield increased significantly up to 100% RDN.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of intercropped maize ( Zea mays L.) significantly increased up to 100% RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped sorghum yield increased only up to 75% RDN.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of intercropped sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] and pearl millet [ Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.] increased only up to 75 and 50% RDN, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped pearl millet yield increased only up to 50% RDN.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- 50% RDNe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield of intercropped sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] and pearl millet [ Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.] increased only up to 75 and 50% RDN, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize intercropping reduced soybean yield 33.6%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- intercropping with maizee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soybean yield reduced by 33.6, 37.9 and 58.3% due to intercropping with maize, sorghum and pearl millet, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum intercropping reduced soybean yield 37.9%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropping with maize, sorghume0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soybean yield reduced by 33.6, 37.9 and 58.3% due to intercropping with maize, sorghum and pearl millet, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet intercropping reduced soybean yield 58.3%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropping with maize, sorghum and pearl millete0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soybean yield reduced by 33.6, 37.9 and 58.3% due to intercropping with maize, sorghum and pearl millet, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean equivalent yield and economic indicators were highest with maize at 100% RDN.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean+maize intercropping provided with 100% RDN to maizee0
- Outcome
- soybean equivalent yield, net return, benefit cost ratio and monetary advantage indexe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soybean equivalent yield, net return, benefit cost ratio and monetary advantage index were maximum in soybean+maize intercropping provided with 100% RDN to maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio, crowding coefficient and intercropping advantage were greatest with maize.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean+maize intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- Land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient and intercropping advantagee0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient and intercropping advantage were the greatest with soybean+maize intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Pearl millet and sorghum had higher aggressivity and competitive ratio than maize.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- aggressivity and competitive ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aggressivity and competitive ratio were higher for pearl millet and sorghum as compared to maize”
e1“The soybean yield reduced by 33.6, 37.9 and 58.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested 25% less N fertilizer for sorghum as soybean intercrop.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- reduce N fertilizer requiremente0
- Value
- 25e0
- Qualifier
- sorghume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce N fertilizer requirement by 25 and 50% in case of sorghum and pearl millet as intercrop with soybean, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested 50% less N fertilizer for pearl millet as soybean intercrop.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- reduce N fertilizer requiremente0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- pearl millete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce N fertilizer requirement by 25 and 50% in case of sorghum and pearl millet as intercrop with soybean, respectively”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.