Abstract
Abstract Embryos of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), Corsican pine ( P. nigra var. maritima ) and Lodgepole pine ( P. contorta ) were infected in vitro with Heterobasidion annosum and the activities of 1,3‐β‐glucanase, chitinase and β‐glucosidase were monitored. Both the infected and control embryos of the three pine species showed the presence of the enzymes. Statistical analysis showed no significant increase (P > 0.05) in the levels of 1,3‐β‐glucanase in infected embryos for all the three pine species. However, there was a significant increase in levels of chitinase in infected embryos of P. contorta and P. nigra var. maritima and also in levels of β‐glucosidase in infected embryos of all three of the pine species. The study has therefore revealed that constitutive levels of glucanohydrolase enzymes exist in the embryos of the three pine species and that the induction of chitinase and β‐glucosidase was a factor in the response of the embryos to stimulation by H. annosum infection.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive levels of glucanohydrolase enzymes exist in the embryos of the three pine species.
Verbatim
t0“Glucanohydrolase enzyme activity in embryos of Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pines infected in vitro with Heterobasidion annosum”
e1“constitutive levels of glucanohydrolase enzymes exist in the embryos of the three pine species”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection did not significantly increase 1,3‐β‐glucanase levels in pine embryos.
- Taxon
- Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pinest0
- Treatment
- infectede2
- Interactor
- Heterobasidion annosum
Heterobasidion annosumt0pathogen - Outcome
- levels of 1,3‐β‐glucanasee2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- control embryose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glucanohydrolase enzyme activity in embryos of Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pines infected in vitro with Heterobasidion annosum”
e0“Both the infected and control embryos of the three pine species showed the presence of the enzymes”
e2“Statistical analysis showed no significant increase (P > 0.05) in the levels of 1,3‐β‐glucanase in infected embryos for all the three pine species”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitinase levels increased significantly in infected embryos of P. contorta and P. nigra var. maritima.
- Taxon
- P. contorta and P. nigra var. maritima
Pinus contorta
Pinus nigra subsp. laricioe3 - Treatment
- infectede3
- Interactor
- Heterobasidion annosumHeterobasidion annosumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of chitinasee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- control embryose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glucanohydrolase enzyme activity in embryos of Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pines infected in vitro with Heterobasidion annosum”
e0“Both the infected and control embryos of the three pine species showed the presence of the enzymes”
e3“there was a significant increase in levels of chitinase in infected embryos of P. contorta and P. nigra var. maritima”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction of chitinase and β-glucosidase was a factor in the embryos response to Heterobasidion annosum infection.
- Taxon
- Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pinest0
- Interactor
- H. annosumHeterobasidion annosume6pathogen
- Gene
- chitinasee7
- Outcome
- response of the embryose6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Glucanohydrolase enzyme activity in embryos of Scots, Corsican and lodgepole pines infected in vitro with Heterobasidion annosum”
e6“was a factor in the response of the embryos to stimulation by H. annosum infection”
e7“the induction of chitinase”