Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at two different locations (Barani Agriculture Research Institute Chakwal and farmer's field in Talagang) in northern rainfed Punjab, Pakistan, to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The treatments were four combinations of two levels of S (15 and 30 kg ha−1) from two sources [gypsum and ammonium sulfate (AS)] and a no-S control. Application of S significantly increased seed yield up to 12% and 14% at Chakwal and Talagang, respectively. Response (kg seed yield kg−1 S) at economic optimum dose (EOD) was greater for AS than for gypsum. Sulfur application enhanced the S uptake at both locations significantly. Sulfur harvest index and S economic yield efficiency ratio were greater at Talagang than at Chakwal. Sulfur application resulted increases in N uptake by 19% and 20% and N fixation by up to 19% and 30% at Chakwal and Talagang, respectively. Ammonium sulfate was more effective in increasing N fixation and uptake as compared to gypsum at Chakwal, whereas the difference between the two sources was nonsignificant at Talagang. Thus, it can be concluded that S should be applied to chickpea crop to enhance yield and improve soil fertility status as result of greater amount of N fixed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Application of S increased chickpea seed yield by up to 12% and 14% at Chakwal and Talagang relative to a no-S control.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- Application of Se1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- up to 12% and 14%e1
- Comparator
- no-S controle2
- Setting
- Chakwal and Talagange1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e1“Application of S significantly increased seed yield up to 12% and 14% at Chakwal and Talagang”
e2“a no-S control”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application increased N fixation by up to 19% and 30% at Chakwal and Talagang.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Sulfur applicatione3
- Outcome
- N fixatione3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Value
- up to 19% and 30%e3
- Setting
- Chakwal and Talagange3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“Sulfur application resulted increases in N uptake by 19% and 20% and N fixation by up to 19% and 30% at Chakwal and Talagang”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application increased N uptake by 19% and 20% at Chakwal and Talagang.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Sulfur applicatione3
- Outcome
- N uptakee3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Value
- 19% and 20%e3
- Setting
- Chakwal and Talagange3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e3“Sulfur application resulted increases in N uptake by 19% and 20% and N fixation by up to 19% and 30% at Chakwal and Talagang”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application enhanced S uptake at both locations significantly.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Sulfur applicatione4
- Outcome
- S uptakee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e4“Sulfur application enhanced the S uptake at both locations significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of seed yield per kg of S at the economic optimum dose was greater for ammonium sulfate (AS) than for gypsum.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- ASe5
- Outcome
- Responsee5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Qualifier
- at economic optimum dose (EOD)e5
- Comparator
- gypsume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e5“Response (kg seed yield kg−1 S) at economic optimum dose (EOD) was greater for AS than for gypsum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate was more effective than gypsum in increasing N fixation and uptake at Chakwal.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee6
- Outcome
- N fixation and uptakee6
- Direction
- more effective in increasinge6
- Comparator
- gypsume6
- Setting
- Chakwale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e6“Ammonium sulfate was more effective in increasing N fixation and uptake as compared to gypsum at Chakwal”
Claim · model-written summary
The difference between ammonium sulfate and gypsum was not significant at Talagang.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- two sourcese7
- Outcome
- difference between the two sourcese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Qualifier
- nonsignificante7
- Setting
- Talagange7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“whereas the difference between the two sources was nonsignificant at Talagang”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur harvest index and S economic yield efficiency ratio were greater at Talagang than at Chakwal.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- Sulfur harvest index and S economic yield efficiency ratioe7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- Chakwale7
- Setting
- Talagange7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“Sulfur harvest index and S economic yield efficiency ratio were greater at Talagang than at Chakwal”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur should be applied to chickpea to enhance yield and improve soil fertility status.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume7
- Outcome
- enhance yield and improve soil fertility statuse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to assess relative efficiency of two sources of sulfur (S) in enhancing nitrogen (N) fixation and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
e7“S should be applied to chickpea crop to enhance yield and improve soil fertility status”
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