Abstract
Summary Cultural control measures against tomato late blight ( Phytophthora infestans ) were evaluated in six field experiments over 3 years in Uganda. Each experiment included sanitation (removal of diseased plant tissues), fungicide (mancozeb) application, and an untreated control, as standard treatments. Late blight incidence and severity were greatly reduced by sanitation, without reducing the number of healthy leaves; however, tomato growth and production were adversely affected. Fungicide treated plants retained the highest numbers of flowers and attached fruits and gave the highest yields. Three cultural practices were evaluated in repeated experiments for their effectiveness in alleviating the adverse effects of sanitation. Tomatoes grown within plastic shelters early in the production cycle were taller, and had more healthy leaves than those grown late. The numbers of diseased leaves and disease severity were equally low in sanitation alone and plastic shelter/with sanitation treatments. Flower and fruit production were significantly higher when tomatoes were grown under early shelters with sanitation than with sanitation alone. Planting density was increased without significant effects on late blight and tomato growth and production. Intercropping tomato with soybean ( Glycine max ) or sesame ( Sesamum indicum ), with sanitation, limited late blight development, but taller intercrops suppressed tomato growth and production. Integrated treatments (combining plastic shelters, a sesame intercrop and high tomato planting density) were evaluated, with and without sanitation, against the fungicide mancozeb. The mean numbers of healthy leaves in the integrated treatments were not significantly less than with fungicide treatment. Late blight incidence and severity were higher in the integrated plots without than with sanitation. The numbers of flowers and attached fruits were not significantly less in integrated treatments than in fungicide treated plots, but tomato yield was highest with fungicide treatment.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Sanitation reduced late blight incidence and severity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- sanitatione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Outcome
- Late blight incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Ugandae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight incidence and severity were greatly reduced by sanitation”
e1“tomato late blight ( Phytophthora infestans ) were evaluated in six field experiments over 3 years in Uganda”
Claim · model-written summary
Sanitation did not reduce healthy leaf number.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- sanitatione1
- Outcome
- number of healthy leavese0
- Direction
- without reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without reducing the number of healthy leaves”
e1“Late blight incidence and severity were greatly reduced by sanitation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Sanitation adversely affected tomato growth and production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sanitatione1
- Outcome
- growth and productione0
- Direction
- adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato growth and production were adversely affected”
e1“Late blight incidence and severity were greatly reduced by sanitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb treated plants had the most flowers, attached fruits and highest yields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fungicide (mancozeb) applicatione1
- Outcome
- flowers and attached fruitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treated plants retained the highest numbers of flowers and attached fruits and gave the highest yields”
e1“fungicide (mancozeb) application”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatoes in early plastic shelters were taller and had more healthy leaves than those grown late.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plastic shelters early in the production cyclee0
- Outcome
- taller, and had more healthy leavese0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Comparator
- those grown latee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown within plastic shelters early in the production cycle were taller, and had more healthy leaves than those grown late”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease leaf number and severity were equally low with sanitation alone and sanitation plus shelter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- plastic shelter/with sanitation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- numbers of diseased leaves and disease severitye0
- Direction
- equally lowe0
- Comparator
- sanitation alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The numbers of diseased leaves and disease severity were equally low in sanitation alone and plastic shelter/with sanitation treatments”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Early shelter with sanitation produced significantly more flowers and fruits than sanitation alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- early shelters with sanitatione0
- Outcome
- Flower and fruit productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sanitation alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower and fruit production were significantly higher when tomatoes were grown under early shelters with sanitation than with sanitation alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased planting density had no significant effect on late blight, tomato growth or production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Planting density was increasede0
- Outcome
- late blight and tomato growth and productione0
- Direction
- without significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting density was increased without significant effects on late blight and tomato growth and production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean intercropping with sanitation limited tomato late blight development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Intercropping tomato with soybean ( Glycine max )e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0other - Outcome
- late blight developmente0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping tomato with soybean ( Glycine max ) or sesame ( Sesamum indicum ), with sanitation, limited late blight development”
e1“tomato late blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame intercropping with sanitation limited tomato late blight development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sesame ( Sesamum indicum ), with sanitatione0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicume0other - Outcome
- late blight developmente0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping tomato with soybean ( Glycine max ) or sesame ( Sesamum indicum ), with sanitation, limited late blight development”
e1“tomato late blight ( Phytophthora infestans )”
Claim · model-written summary
Taller intercrops suppressed tomato growth and production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- taller intercropse0
- Outcome
- growth and productione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“taller intercrops suppressed tomato growth and production”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments retained healthy leaf numbers not significantly below fungicide treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- integrated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean numbers of healthy leavese0
- Direction
- not significantly lesse0
- Comparator
- fungicide treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean numbers of healthy leaves in the integrated treatments were not significantly less than with fungicide treatment”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated plots without sanitation had more late blight incidence and severity than those with sanitation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- integrated plots withoute0
- Outcome
- Late blight incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- with sanitatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight incidence and severity were higher in the integrated plots without than with sanitation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments produced flower and attached fruit numbers not significantly lower than fungicide.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- integrated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- numbers of flowers and attached fruitse0
- Direction
- not significantly lesse0
- Comparator
- fungicide treated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The numbers of flowers and attached fruits were not significantly less in integrated treatments than in fungicide treated plots”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was highest under fungicide treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato yield was highest with fungicide treatment”
The same questions in other papers
sanitation · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
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See all 46 papers →sanitation · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.