Abstract
Pawpaw (Carica papaya) has been reported to have allelopathic effect on other plants. The study investigated effects of pawpaw and pigweed intercropped with tomato at different spacing on disease incidence, severity of bacterial wilt, growth and yield of tomato Laborastory study on the inhibitory effect of allellochemicals extracted from the roots of pawpaw, pigweed and tomato at 0.03 g/mL, 0.04 g/mL and 0.05 g/mL on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was also carried out. The results showed that that intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST). Plant height (38,9cm), number of fruit/plant (26.5) and fruit yield (26.5 t/ha) of T-Pw 100 were significantly higher than ST with plant height (17.2 cm), number of fruit/plant (8.0) and fruit yield (1.2 t/ha) respectively. In vitro study also showed that aqueous extract of root of pawpaw inhibited growth of R, solanacearum at 0.03 g/mL (34.0%) and 0.05g/mL (60.0%) while no inhibition was observed in root extracts of pigweed and tomato. The followings were concluded: the root of pawpaw contained chemicals which were not present in pigweed and tomato that can inhibit growth of R. solanacearum,. This allelochemicals in the intercropping of tomato and pawpaw at 100cm spacing effectively reduced disease incidence and severity of bacterial wilt, with increased growth and yield of tomato. SIt was recommended that intercropping of tomato at 100cm spacing with pawpaw will reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato with increase in the growth and yield of tomato.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping tomato with pawpaw at 100 cm spacing significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence in tomato compared with sole tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cme1
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 46.6%e1
- Comparator
- sole tomato (ST)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping tomato with pawpaw at 100 cm spacing significantly reduced bacterial wilt severity in tomato by 61.4% compared with sole tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cme1
- Outcome
- severitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 61.4 %e1
- Comparator
- sole tomato (ST)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height of tomato in the pawpaw intercrop at 100 cm (38.9 cm) was significantly higher than in sole tomato (17.2 cm).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cme1
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 38,9cme2
- Qualifier
- 17.2 cme2
- Comparator
- sole tomato (ST)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST)”
e2“Plant height (38,9cm), number of fruit/plant (26.5) and fruit yield (26.5 t/ha) of T-Pw 100 were significantly higher than ST with plant height (17.2 cm), number of fruit/plant (8.0) and fruit yield (1.2 t/ha) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of fruits per plant in tomato in the pawpaw intercrop at 100 cm (26.5) was significantly higher than in sole tomato (8.0).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cme1
- Outcome
- number of fruit/plante2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 26.5e2
- Qualifier
- 8.0e2
- Comparator
- sole tomato (ST)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST)”
e2“Plant height (38,9cm), number of fruit/plant (26.5) and fruit yield (26.5 t/ha) of T-Pw 100 were significantly higher than ST with plant height (17.2 cm), number of fruit/plant (8.0) and fruit yield (1.2 t/ha) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield of tomato in the pawpaw intercrop at 100 cm (26.5 t/ha) was significantly higher than in sole tomato (1.2 t/ha).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cme1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 26.5 t/hae2
- Qualifier
- 1.2 t/hae2
- Comparator
- sole tomato (ST)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“intercropping tomato with pawpaw at a spacing of 100 cm (T-Pw 100) significantly (P<0.005) reduced disease incidence and severity by 46.6%, and 61.4 % respectively when compared with sole tomato (ST)”
e2“Plant height (38,9cm), number of fruit/plant (26.5) and fruit yield (26.5 t/ha) of T-Pw 100 were significantly higher than ST with plant height (17.2 cm), number of fruit/plant (8.0) and fruit yield (1.2 t/ha) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous root extract of pawpaw at 0.03 g/mL inhibited growth of Ralstonia solanacearum by 34.0% in vitro.
- Taxon
- pawpaw
Asimina trilobae3 - Treatment
- aqueous extract of root of pawpawe3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume4pathogen - Outcome
- growth of R, solanacearume3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Value
- 34.0%e3
- Qualifier
- 0.03 g/mLe3
- Comparator
- root extracts of pigweed and tomatoe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In vitro study also showed that aqueous extract of root of pawpaw inhibited growth of R, solanacearum at 0.03 g/mL (34.0%) and 0.05g/mL (60.0%) while no inhibition was observed in root extracts of pigweed and tomato”
e4“on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was also carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous root extract of pawpaw at 0.05 g/mL inhibited growth of Ralstonia solanacearum by 60.0% in vitro.
- Taxon
- pawpawAsimina trilobae3
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of root of pawpawe3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume4pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of R, solanacearume3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Value
- 60.0%e3
- Qualifier
- 0.05g/mLe3
- Comparator
- root extracts of pigweed and tomatoe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In vitro study also showed that aqueous extract of root of pawpaw inhibited growth of R, solanacearum at 0.03 g/mL (34.0%) and 0.05g/mL (60.0%) while no inhibition was observed in root extracts of pigweed and tomato”
e4“on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was also carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extracts of pigweed and tomato showed no inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum growth in vitro, unlike the aqueous extract of pawpaw root.
- Taxon
- pawpawAsimina trilobae3
- Treatment
- root extracts of pigweed and tomatoe3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume4pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of R, solanacearume3
- Direction
- no inhibitione3
- Comparator
- aqueous extract of root of pawpawe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In vitro study also showed that aqueous extract of root of pawpaw inhibited growth of R, solanacearum at 0.03 g/mL (34.0%) and 0.05g/mL (60.0%) while no inhibition was observed in root extracts of pigweed and tomato”
e4“on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was also carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Pawpaw root contains chemicals, absent from pigweed and tomato roots, that can inhibit growth of Ralstonia solanacearum (authors conclude).
- Taxon
- pawpawAsimina trilobae5
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume5pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibit growth of R. solanacearume5
- Qualifier
- chemicals which were not present in pigweed and tomatoe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the root of pawpaw contained chemicals which were not present in pigweed and tomato that can inhibit growth of R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend intercropping tomato at 100 cm spacing with pawpaw to reduce bacterial wilt incidence and to increase tomato growth and yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Outcome
- intercropping of tomato at 100cm spacing with pawpawe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“It was recommended that intercropping of tomato at 100cm spacing with pawpaw will reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato with increase in the growth and yield of tomato”
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